Ultrasound-Based Wet Processes in Textile Industry

Environmental pollution is a critical problem for our planet. The pollution produced by the textile industry has an extensive influence on the world. Especially, textile dyeing and finishing industries can be important for environmental pollution. Dyestuffs, chemicals, auxiliaries, etc. are added into water baths for dyeing and/or finishing of textile materials. Furthermore, textile factories generally consume a large amount of water as well as electricity and also fuel during dyeing and/or finishing processes. Use of ultrasound technology in wet processes of textiles can be a solution to the considerable consumption of chemicals, water, energy, etc. Here in this chapter, ultrasonic cavitation is summarized in terms of the usages in wet processes of textiles. Ultrasound with its cavitation phenomenon in the bath can be defined as the main reasons for using them in the wet processes. In this respect, the main properties of ultrasound are defined, and then the usages and studies on the application of ultrasound technology in different wet processes of the textiles are summarized in this chapter. © 2021 Scrivener Publishing LLC

Printing of wool, cotton fabrics with natural dyes

Natural dyes are the heritage of the history to human being. Although they were used for the colouration of goods from the ancient time, it is not common to use natural dyes commercially now. But at least in some special goods it is saving its popularities too. On the other hand, it can be foreseen that the demand on the ecological, natural and organic products in all consumable articles will make natural dyes popular again. Owing to this, it is important to continue the studies on the usability of natural dyes in textile colouration techniques. This study is focused on the printing of natural dyes differently on dyeing with natural dyes. For this aim four different natural sources were used. For the printing process, pigment printing was selected and the printing was managed on wool and cotton fabrics without use of any mordants. The colour values and the fastnesses of prints were evaluated. It was observed that the natural dyes can be used in pigment printing processes and different colour values with different fastnesses could be observed

Bioprocessing of natural textile fibres and clothes

Textile finishing is a crucial step in making fibre-based materials more appropriate by providing the final properties to the textile product. Various chemicals and processes are employed by combining scientific principles, following analysis and modelling based on data generation, by the use the innovative methods. Therefore many studies and researches are carried out on textile finishing processes and chemicals. In this context, the use of enzymes has become more common and current developments in this regard are scientifically examined and researched. Because of their ability in performing harsh processing conditions-reactions in temperate conditions biospecifically-enzymes attract the interest of textile finishers. In addition, their ability to modify the basic fibre properties and make them more useful for textile applications constitute the other feature of enzymes. In this chapter, the usability of enzymes in the finishing of natural fibres is presented and current mostly experimental studies are discussed. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved

Usage of commercial cellulases in biopolishing of viscose fabrics [Viskon kumaşlarin bio-parlatilmasinda ticari selülaz enzimlerinin kullanimi]

Cellulases which have been in use for a long time in textile finishing were studied deeply. It is well known that cellulases can hydrolyze cotton, jute, linen, ramie and other cellulose based fiber and ensure a clean polished textile surfaces. Moreover cellulase enzyme is also used for worn and stone washed effect in denim cloths. It is possible to expand its usages. But there is a draw back in the use of cellulases for biopolishing of viscose based fabrics. Although strength loss during biopolishing of viscose fabrics was evident, the pilling and fuzz of surface did not decreased sufficiently. Because of this dilemma, a statistical research was carried out with the use of different commercial cellulase enzymes in different time and concentration. It was found that the best results were obtained from the use of CBH based Cellulase

Evaluation of finishing processes for linen fabrics using the Kawabata evaluation system

The main problems of linen textiles are roughness, stiffness, and wrinkling tendency. To solve these problems, different finishing processes are necessary. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of different finishing processes such as enzymatic treatment with cellulases, softening process with micro-silicone softener, and wrinkle resistance treatment with modified-DMDHEU (dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea), on the mechanical properties of linen fabric. The bio-polishing of linen fabrics was performed in laboratory type exhausting machine. The softening and wrinkle resistance processes were realized with laboratory padder for impregnation and laboratory stenter for drying and curing. The Kawabata Evaluation System was used to test tensile, bending, and shearing properties of linen fabric treated with different finishing processes. Moreover, the wrinkle recovery angles (WRAs) of untreated and treated samples were also investigated according to DIN 53890. It was found that the bio-polishing process is important like softening processes in accordance with the softness feel of linen fabric. While the WRA of the treated fabrics had increased, the mechanical properties (tensile, shear, and bending) of fabrics did not change significantly. Copyright © 2008 by ASTM International

Effects of different pretreatment processes on viscose fabrics in different types and properties

In this study, the effects of different pretreatment processes on the properties of viscose fabrics (sulphur content, whiteness degree, weft yarn breaking force, crystallinity and fiber surface) and on the color efficiency and repeatability of the prints have been investigated. For this purpose, viscose fabrics obtained from different sources and containing different amounts of sulphur were causticized, bleached, and reductive-washed. After impregnation with urea, fabrics were printed with two reactive dyestuffs having the same reactivity, but different molecular sizes. Color values of both dyes were measured and fastness was tested and compared in order to observe the effects of different pretreatment processes. Different methods of sulphur analysis were also investigated and tested to determine the sulphur content of the fibres. Among these methods, the lead acetate method, which is a subjective evaluation system, has been selected as the most appropriate for practical working conditions of the plants, and a sulphur scale was formed according to this method. Accuracy of the scale was also confirmed by elemental analysis (CHNS-O) method. © The Textile Institute.This work was supported by the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, Textile Research Center. -