Association Between Helicobacter pylori cagA, babA2 Virulence Factors and Gastric Mucosal Interleukin-33 mRNA Expression and Clinical Outcomes in Dyspeptic Patients

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has been reported in more than half of the world human population. It is associated with gastric inflammation and noticeable infiltration of the immune cells to the stomach mucosa by several cytokines secretion. IL-1 beta, IL-18 have been shown to contribute to H. pylori induced gastritis, but the details of inflammation and association of virulence factors remain unclear. IL-1 cytokine family has a new additional cytokine, Interleukin-33 (IL-33), which is contemplated to have an important role for host defense against microorganisms. H. pylori virulence factors important in gastritis risk are the cag pathogenicity island (cag-PAI) and babA. This study evaluated IL-33 mucosal mRNA expression levels in infected and uninfected patients and its relationship with bacterial virulence factors cagA, babA(2) and type of gastritis. Total RNA was extracted from gastric biopsies of 79 H. pylori-infected patients and 51 H. pylori-negative patients. Mucosal IL-33 mRNA expression levels in gastric biopsies were assessed using real-time PCR. Existence of virulence factors were detected by PCR. IL-33 mRNA expression was significantly higher in biopsies of H. pylori-infected patients compared to H. pylori-uninfected patients (P< 0.0001). Also there was a direct relationship between virulence factor bab-A2 and enhancement in IL-33 mRNA expression. Furthermore, IL-33 mRNA expression level was significantly lower in chronic gastritis patients compared with patients with active gastritis (P< 0.001). IL-33 may play a crucial role in the inflammatory response and induction of the chronic gastritis and severity of inflammatory changes in the gastric mucosa

Association Between Helicobacter pylori cagA, babA2 Virulence Factors and Gastric Mucosal Interleukin-33 mRNA Expression and Clinical Outcomes in Dyspeptic Patients.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has been reported in more than half of the world human population. It is associated with gastric inflammation and noticeable infiltration of the immune cells to the stomach mucosa by several cytokines secretion. IL-1β, IL-18 have been shown to contribute to H. pylori induced gastritis, but the details of inflammation and association of virulence factors remain unclear. IL-1 cytokine family has a new additional cytokine, Interleukin-33 (IL-33), which is contemplated to have an important role for host defense against microorganisms. H. pylori virulence factors important in gastritis risk are the cag pathogenicity island (cag-PAI) and babA. This study evaluated IL-33 mucosal mRNA expression levels in infected and uninfected patients and its relationship with bacterial virulence factors cagA, babA2 and type of gastritis. Total RNA was extracted from gastric biopsies of 79 H. pylori-infected patients and 51 H. pylori-negative patients. Mucosal IL-33 mRNA expression levels in gastric biopsies were assessed using real-time PCR. Existence of virulence factors were detected by PCR. IL-33 mRNA expression was significantly higher in biopsies of H. pylori-infected patients compared to H. pylori-uninfected patients (P<0.0001). Also there was a direct relationship between virulence factor bab-A2 and enhancement in IL-33 mRNA expression. Furthermore, IL-33 mRNA expression level was significantly lower in chronic gastritis patients compared with patients with active gastritis (P<0.001). IL-33 may play a crucial role in the inflammatory response and induction of the chronic gastritis and severity of inflammatory changes in the gastric mucosa

Association between H. pylori BabA virulence factor with clinical outcome and ABO blood groups

Helicobacter pylori infection is a prevalence infection 50% of the human population. The main H. pylori adhesin is the BabA, which was the first identified factor. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the ABO blood groups and various gastrointestinal diseases 140 patients, were included in this study. Gastric biopsies were taken for recognition of H.pylori by RUT and PCR. Blood samples were tested for ABO blood group. In the present study 140 H.pylori positive samples examined for the presence or absence of babA gene by PCR. From 140 patients, 35% were positive for babA gene and 65% were negative for this gene. Positivity rate of H. pylori babA infection was 42.4 % in blood group O, 18.8 % in blood group A, 100% in blood group B and 44.8 % in blood group AB. The frequencies of ABO blood group among endoscopic findings are predominant for Gastritis for group A. In our study, There was statistically significant difference in babA (+) and babA (–) were compared in endoscopy finding (P<0.001) and there was statistically significant difference in positivity rate of H.pylori infection among ABO blood groups (p< 0.001). The higher incidence of Gastritis and peptic ulcer was in patients with blood group A and AB and there was statistically significant between these symptoms (p= 0.02). Our results showed that the prevalence of babA genotype is associated with gastritis and gastric ulcer and there is a relation with ABO blood group

Protoscolicidal effects of curcumin nanoemulsion against protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus

Abstract Background The aim of the present study was to assess in vitro protoscolicidal effects of curcumin nanoemulsion (CUR-NE) against protoscoleces of cystic echinococcosis (CE)/hydatid cysts. Methods The CUR-NE was prepared via spontaneous emulsification of soybean as the oil phase, a mixture of Tween 80 and Tween 85 as the surfactant, ethanol as the co-surfactant and distilled water. Various concentrations of CUR-NE (156, 312, 625 and 1250 µg/ml) were exposed to collected protoscoleces of infected sheep liver hydatid cysts for 10, 20, 30, 60 and 120 min. Viability of the protoscoleces were assessed using eosin exclusion test. Morphological changes of the protoscoleces were observed using differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy. Results The mean particle size and zeta potential of CUR-NE included 60.4 ± 14.8 nm and − 16.1 ± 1.1 mV, respectively. Results showed that the viability of the protoscoleces decreased significantly with increases in CUR-NE concentrations (p < 0.001). The mortality rates of protoscoleces with exposure to concentrations of 1250 and 625 µg/ml of CUR-NE for 60 min were 94 and 73.33%, respectively. Mortality of the protoscoleces was 100% after 120 min of exposure to 1250 and 625 µg/ml concentrations of CUR-NE. Using NIC microscopy, extensively altered tegumental surface protoscoleces was observed after protoscoleces exposure to CUR-NE. Conclusion The findings of the present study revealed the in vitro protoscolicidal potential of CUR-NE. Therefore, CUR-NEs are addressed as novel protoscolicidal agents, which can be used as an alternative natural medicine to kill the protoscoleces, owing to their low toxicity and significant inhibition potency. However, further studies are necessary to investigate pharmacologic and pharmacokinetics of CUR-NEs

Influence of metal ions concentration in drinking water in the development of ulcerative colitis

Ulcerative colitis (UC) imposes high economic burden to the health systems. However, the risk factors for development of the disease are still remained unknown. Exposure to heavy metals may be associated with occurrence of UC. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the concentration of metal(loid)s including Pb, As, Ni, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Se in drinking water with incidence of UC. To do this, 35 biopsy samples were each taken from patients and healthy subjects along with the same number of samples of their drinking water. The furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used for sample analysis. Our results showed that exposure to Pb, As, Cu, and Fe was associated with occurrence of UC (ORs > 1; P < 0.05); meanwhile, the concentrations of Zn and Ni were higher in healthy subject biopsies than UC patients (ORs < 1; P < 0.05). Also, the mean concentration of Pb in the drinking water samples (0.12 +/- 0.07 mg/L) was higher than the permissible limit of the Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran (ISIRI). The results showed that by increasing Pb in drinking water, Zn concentration in the intestinal tissues of patients was decreased (P = 0.005). However, the concentration of Pb, As, Cu, and Fe in UC patients may affect the exacerbation of the disease, though Zn may potentially reduce the risk of this disease. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that exposure to the metal ions through drinking water can affect the body's heavy metal content, which may be act as preventing or developing factors for UC

Prevalence of cagA and babA2 genes in Helicobacter Pylori strains Isolated from Iranian gastrointestinal disorder patients and their gas-tritis classification

Helicobacter pylori is a spiral gram negative flagellate bacteria and localize in the stomach. H.p infection is a worldwide health problem and identified as an important cause of gastritis and gastric cancer and its ability to develop such disorders is related to its virulence factors and environment. cagA is the most important Hp virulence factor that directly penetrate into gastric epithelial cells by bacterial secretion system (T4SS) from pathogenicity island (PAI) and disrupts cell homeostasis. Adherence factors are significant for bacterial colonization and suitable function of other virulence factor. Blood group antigen binding adhesion (babA) is an outer membrane protein (OMP) that binds to ABO blood group antigen and can stimulate inflammatory response in gastric cells. Our main target was to determine the roles and prevalence of cagA and babA2 virulence factor in gastrointestinal disorders in Iranian patients. Existences of These factors were determined by PCR in 218 patients with gastrointestinal disorders. Semi-quantitative methods of scoring according to the Updated Sydney classification system were used for detection of H.pylori density, neutrophil and monocyte cells infiltration. A high prevalence of cagA positive (81.4%) and babA2 positive (35%) were found. The most combined genotype (cagA&babA2) prevalence was found in gastritis & ulcer (100%) (P < 0.001). High prevalence of cagA positive observed in active inflammation phase 76.9% and high prevalence of babA2 positive was in active phase 61.1% of H.pylori gastritis (P=0.001) . Results of this study showed information about the high prevalence of cagA genes in H.pylori infected patients and their rolls in active gastrointestinal disorder