{2,2′-[o-Phenyl­enebis(nitrilo­methanylyl­idene)]diphenolato-κ4 O,N,N′,O′}nickel(II) monohydrate

The NiII atom in the title monohydrate, [Ni(C20H14N2O2)]·H2O, is coordinated within a cis-N2O2 square-planar donor set provided by the tetra­dentate Schiff base ligand. Overall, the mol­ecule has a curved shape with the dihedral angle formed between the planes of the outer benzene rings being 13.92 (18)°. The water mol­ecule was found to be disordered over two positions [ratio 0.80 (1):0.20 (1)] and the major component is linked to the complex via an O—H⋯O hydrogen bond

An experimental study and modelling of the response of a vibrofluidization technique for particle sizing

This thesis describes the results of an experimental study and modelling of the response of a vibrofluidization technique for particle sizing. The principle of operation of the device is simple and relies on the fact that when a container, partially filled with a powder is vibrated in the vertical direction with a maximum acceleration greater than that due to gravity, the particles inside the container become effectively "fluidised". The degree of damping experienced by the vibrating system is a direct function of the average particle size; larger particles give rise to a higher degree of damping. In the case where the container is attached at the free end of a cantilever, the average particle size is directly related to the resonant amplitude of vibration of the cantilever. This forms the basis for the application of this type of device for particle sizing. A convenient and deceptively logical explanation would be to attribute the observed damping of oscillation to particle/wall friction. Indeed, the response of the system was modelled accordingly by Mahgerefteh and Al-Khoory (1991) using visco-elastic vibration phenomena. The results of this work show, using direct experimental evidence that the primary mechanism responsible for the observed damping is a consequence of the phase lag between the vibrating cavity and the test powder. The previously proposed particle/wall interaction mechanism although applicable, is simply a direct manifestation of the phase lag phenomenon. In addition preliminary results obtained proving the applicability of the device for particle size distribution analysis are also presented. The phase lag between the vibrating cavity and the powder is monitored using a sonic technique. This is achieved by measuring the intensity of the noise generated as a result of the impact of the powder with the containing cavity during oscillations. The results show a direct correlation between phase lag and the average particle size. A semi-empirical model is also developed which satisfactorily predicts the system's response in terms of a large number of design and operating parameters. This model is expected to serve as a powerful tool for design optimization. Particle size distribution data are obtained by vibration segregation of the test powder to various size fractions and measuring the average size and mass of each sub-sample using the vibrofluidization technique. The thesis also describes the optimal segregation conditions leading to the generation of particle distribution histograms for typical 2 g samples in ca 3 minutes. The corresponding resolution in terms of the average size for each size fraction is better than [plus-minus] 5 µm for a test sample in the 20 - 1000 µm size range

Removal of Acid red 206 Dye in Pollutant Water by ZnFe2O4/Bentonite as a Nanophotocatalyst in Batch Reactor Using Taguachi Method

Acid Red206 (C40H20CaN4O8S2) is a textile dye with global usage which is found in sewage of textile manufacturing industries in large quantity. In this research the reaction of Acid Red206 (AR206) in photocatalytic analysis was carried out in water with use of Taguchi method, Qualitek-4 software and catalyst suspension ZnFe2O4/Bentonite and UV light radiation. To identify prepared catalyst, SEM image and XRD diffraction pattern were used. Based on Taguchi method the test results displayed the maximum photo catalytic activity. From kinetic view the reaction was first order and study of reaction rate was carried out with the use of first order kinetic equation and Acceptable results were gained in this consideration. The effect of factors in photo catalytic analysis such as pH, the amount of photo catalyst and hydrogen peroxide and temperature of reaction, were examined and the most efficiency in optimum conditions (pH=5, hydrogen peroxide=1ml, nonophotocatalyst=75ppm and temperature=293K) was observed. According to these results, a method was obtained for photo catalytic analysis with the use of ZnFe2O4/Bentonite catalyst and UV light radiation, which by its development in an industrial form; it can be used for analyzing the wastewater in loom or other industries