HOW STABLE IS THE DEMAND FOR MONEY IN CHINA?

Different authors have tried to estimate the demand for money in different countries. A common theme of almost all studies since 1987 is the application of cointegration technique. The demand for money in China is no exception and has received some attention by researchers. However, finding of cointegration has been interpreted as a sign of constancy of parameter estimates. In this paper we employ CUSUM and CUSUMSQ tests in conjunction with cointegration analysis to show that both M1 and M2 are cointegrated with their determinants. The results of stability tests reveal that while M1 money demand in China is stable, there is some doubt about stability of M2 money demand.Money Demand, China, Bounds Testing, Stability

Is there a J-Curve at the Industry Level?

There exits two groups of studies that have investigated the short-run and the long-run effects of currency depreciation on the trade balance. The first group has employed trade data at the aggregate level between one country and the rest of the world. The second group has used trade data at the bilateral level between one country and her major trading partners. Both groups have provided mixed conclusions. In this paper we employ import and export data at industry level. Sixty six industries in the U.S. (SITC Commodity Groupings) have been identified for which monthly data over the January 1991-August 2002 period are used in investigating the short-run and the long-run effects of real depreciation of the dollar. The results reveal evidence of the J-Curve effect only in six industries. However, the long-run favorable effect of real depreciation is supported in 22 industries

The J-Curve at the industry level: evidence from U.S.-India trade

Previous studies that investigated the impact of real depreciation of the rupee on Indian trade balance used aggregate trade data and provided mixed results. One recent study disaggregated the trade data between India and the rest of the world and used bilateral trade data between India and her seven major trading partners. No significant relation was found between the real exchange rate and the bilateral trade balance between India and her major partner, the U.S. In this paper we disaggregate the trade data between India and the U.S. at industry level and use trade data from 38 industries to show that in most industries while real depreciation of the rupee has short-run effects, the short-run effects last into the long run in almost half of these industries.Industry Data, India, U.S., Trade Balance

Bilateral J-Curve Between Thailand and Her Trading Partners

Previous studies that tested the J-Curve phenomenon, employed aggregate trade data. More recent studies however, have used bilateral data in testing the phenomenon. They have all concentrated investigating the J-Curve between the U.S. and her five largest trading partners. In this paper we test the J-Curve phenomenon between Thailand and her large trading partners that include Germany, Japan, Singapore, U.K and the U.S. Using quarterly data over 1973I-1997IV period and cointegration analysis we find evidence of the J-Curve at least in the cases of U.S. and Japan.

SHORT-RUN AND LONG-RUN EFFECTS OF CURRENCY DEPRECIATION ON THE BILATERAL TRADE BALANCE BETWEEN PAKISTAN AND HER MAJOR TRADING PARTNERS

Previous studies that investigated the short-run (J-curve) and the long-run effects of currency depreciation on the trade balance of Pakistan used aggregate trade data between Pakistan and the rest of the world and provided no evidence of any significant impact. We wonder whether lack of the relation is due to aggregation bias. In this paper, therefore, we go one step further by employing disaggregated data at bilateral level between Pakistan and her 13 major trading partners to determine if we can discover partners whose trade balances react to changes in the real bilateral exchange rate. The results from bounds testing approach are still inconclusive and show that only in half of the cases the real bilateral exchange rate plays a role.Bilateral J-Curve, Bounds Testing, Cointegration, Pakistan

How Fast Wages Adjust to Prices: A Multi Country Analysis

The adjustment of nominal wages to inflation has implications on the labor market as well as on other areas in economics. In this paper, we employ the Blanchard and Katz (1997, 1999) model of nominal wage determination and try to estimate the adjustment speed. By using the bounds testing approach for cointegration and error-correction modeling we distinguish the short run from the long run. The model is estimated for 29 countries using annual data over the period 1975-2006. We find that inflation, unemployment rate, and labor productivity all have short-run and long-run effects for the majority of the countries. However, nominal wages adjust to inflation fully in 11 of the 29 counties.Wage- Price Philips curve, adjustment speed, Bounds Testing.

SMUGGLING AS ANOTHER CAUSE OF FAILURE OF THE PPP

In theoretical literature, smuggling is considered as a factor contributing to the deviation of the PPP-based exchange rates from the equilibrium exchange rates with little empirical support. In this paper, we used panel data for 33 developing countries over the period 1982-1995 and used panel unit root and panel cointegration technique along with pooled OLS, fixed effects, random effects, and Parks estimator in an augmented Balassa-Samuelson framework. Using two different proxies for smuggling it is found that smuggling into a country leads to an appreciation of domestic currency that can be considered as another cause of loosing competitiveness by many developing countries.Smuggling, PPP, Real Exchange Rate, Panel Data, Panel Unit Root, Panel Cointegration, LDCs

Perception of the Characteristics of External Environment of Organizations and Its Effect on Managers’ Environmental Scanning in Using Information Resources

Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of the present study is to investigate the characteristics of external environment of companies in the second industrial area of Ahvaz and its effect on managers\u27 environmental scanning behavior in using information resources. Method: An analytic survey method is used to analyze the relationship between variables. Findings: The findings showed that managers\u27 perception of various external environment is influenced by variability factors (economic sector, M=3.96), complexity (economic sector, M=3.77) and importance (customers\u27 sector, M=4.38). also the findings showed that managers\u27 environmental scanning can match managers\u27 perceived characteristics of various sectors of external environment, and from this aspect, they do the greatest scanning in economic environmental sector (M=7.4). The highest perceived strategic uncertainty (M=33.239) and environmental uncertainty (M=7.73) belonged to economic sector. Testing research hypotheses proved that managers\u27 perceived strategic uncertainty and environmental uncertainty from environmental sectors of companies has a direct relationship with environmental sectors in those parts; and there is a direct and significant relationship between perceived environmental uncertainty and the frequency with which information resources is used in environmental scanning

A Century of Purchasing Power Parity: Further Evidence

Since the publication of Taylor's (2002) results supporting Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) theory using a century of data, several authors have tried to verify PPP using the same data set. While one study has rejected Taylor''s strong conclusion, others have supported it. In this paper we use yet a different unit root testing procedure to determine whether Taylor''s results are sensitive to switching the null hypothesis of stationarity with the alternative of non-stationarity. More precisely, we rely upon Kwiatkowski, et al. (1992) test and apply it to the real bilateral and real effective exchange rates of 20 countries in Taylor''s sample. The results provide support for PPP in 18 of the 20 countries that are much closer to Taylor''s findings than any other study.