Human Papillomavirus Infection and Fertility Alteration: A Systematic Review

<div><p>Background</p><p>HPV is the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection and its effect in cancer induction is well documented. HPV infections are mostly asymptomatic, but it is unclear whether HPV infections can result in alterations of reproductive health.</p><p>Objective</p><p>To determine the relationship between human papillomavirus infections and reproductive health in both men and women.</p><p>Methods</p><p>A systematic literature review was performed in PubMed and ScienceDirect data bases from January 1994 through August 2014.</p><p>Results</p><p>HPV infections are shown to be significantly associated to many adverse effects in the reproductive function. These adverse effects were reported in different levels from cells production to pregnancy and may be related to the infecting genotype.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>It appears from this study that HPV detection and genotyping could be of great value in infertility diagnosis at least in idiopathic infertility cases. Like for the risk of carcinogenesis, another classification of HPV regarding the risk of fertility alteration may be considered after deep investigations.</p></div

Studies selection data flow diagram.

<p>Studies selection data flow diagram.</p

Relationship between HPV and miscarriages.

<p>^a: HPV prevalence determined in women with history of spontaneous abortion (cases) or women without abortion history (control);</p><p>^b: HPV prevalence determined in women with recurrent miscarriages (cases) or women without miscarriage history but with at least one term pregnancy (control).</p><p>Relationship between HPV and miscarriages.</p

Epidemiological data of HPV effects on semen parameters.

<p>^#: The reported effect is a tend that did not reach the statistical significance</p><p>Epidemiological data of HPV effects on semen parameters.</p

Prevalence of HPV and cytological lesions according to women age.

<p>Prevalence of HPV and cytological lesions according to women age.</p

Gastric damages and risk factors.

<p>^*<i>H.pylori</i> PCR result</p

<i>H. pylori</i> genotypes description.

<p><i>H. pylori</i> genotypes description.</p

<i>H. pylori</i> Genotypes associated to gastric damages in age groups 1 and 2.

<p>Values were expressed % (n).</p

<i>H. pylori</i> status associated to risk factors.

<p><i>H. pylori</i> status associated to risk factors.</p

Association between <i>H</i>. <i>pylori vacA</i> alleles in studied isolates from Moroccan patients with single-strains infections.

<p>Association between <i>H</i>. <i>pylori vacA</i> alleles in studied isolates from Moroccan patients with single-strains infections.</p