日本の大学生の海外留学志望に関する一考察 : グローバル化の世界における留学先としての英語圏志向について

The discourse of internationalization and globalization is increasingly prominent in government programs and documents in Japan, and part of this trend has included a push for more Japanese students to study abroad during their tertiary education. The countries that students visit as part of these programs remains largely the choice of the students themselves, because there are considerable costs involved which is also theresponsibility of the individuals. As a result, there may be a centripetal pull in their preferences toward Anglophone center countries such as the US or the UK(MEXT,2012). This may indicate that students are lessinterested in visiting the very countries, such as Japan\u27s Southeast Asian neighbors, whom they most likely need to interact with after their education finishes.This paper is based upon a presentation by the author and a colleague that described a plan for an investigation into the issue of students\u27 preferred study abroad destination countries, and the reasons for their choices at a national university in Japan from the perspective of study abroad coordination using Button\u27s(1994) construct measurement instrument. The issues to be explored include the extent to which program coordinators seeking to create study abroad opportunities for students should cater to their desires, and whether the disproportionate creation of exchange programs with Anglophone countries over countries geographically closer to Japan should be considered problematic. Themes of multilingualism and pluriculturalism will be engaged as they relate to English language education and international study abroad program coordination. Preliminary data will be presented and discussed

Comparison of perceived requirements for maternal delivery between medical versus nursing students

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the perceptions of intervention and levels of care required for maternal delivery between medical and nursing students. The differences in perceived practices were then considered in relation to health care approaches explored in either the medical or nursing professions. Methods The number of individuals surveyed in this study included 98 (6th year) medical students and 78 (4th year) nursing students in the Oita University’s Faculty of Medicine. Out of the total 98 medical students recruited to participate in the study, 20 of them did not agree the survey. On the other hand, among the total 78 nursing students recruited, like their peers in medicine, 10 did not agree, whereby, only 68 nursing students were participated. As a result, the final rate of valid responses is 82.9% (78+68/98+78=146/176) as shown in (Table 1). The survey questionnaires were completed anonymously during the three months from August to October in 2014. The topics surveyed included the necessity or not of procedures used in delivery and types of care extended on delivery for mothers or their partners, or awareness for natural childbirth. The ethics committee of the university approved the study. Results In the survey of medical care and treatment for delivery, the number of medical students who desired lithotomy position and the use of oxytocin under the direction of obstetricians were significantly larger than that of nursing students (Table 2. Question No.9, No. 13, P=0.0001). As for the importance of the quality of the delivery experience in relation to the decision of birth place (P=0.0001, Table 2, Question No 2, Table 7, Question No. 2), and comfortable labor position using a location other than the childbirth table (P=0.0001, Table 2, Question No. 4), the number of nursing students was significantly higher than that of medical students. In accordance with the effective and recommended guidelines in “Care in normal birth: A practical guide (WHO1996)”, the authors highlighted survey questions that included consideration of “Planning of childbirth together with a partner”. This survey approach also included “Information for choice of birth place”, Respect for decisions as to who should be accompanying on childbirth and “Comfortable labor position or favorite birth or delivery places other than the childbirth delivery table.” (1) The ratio of medical students significantly supports that birth plan should be decided with partner was higher when compared with nursing students (Table 7. P=0.017). (2) As for information for choice of birthplace, more nursing students significantly support that birth place should be consented as compared with medical students (Table 7. P=0.0001). (3) More nursing students significantly support the person accompanying on delivery (Table 7. P=0.048). (4) Both nursing students and medical students agree with “Comfortable labor position or favorite delivery or birth places other than the childbirth delivery table” (Table 7. P=0.006) Table 8 has shown no recommendation by WHO such as enema, shaving, preventive vascular access, conventional lithotomy position. No such difference could be seen between both the medical students and nursing students as in Table 4. Consequently, the medical students indicated that higher preference for more medical treatment including promotion of delivery due to oxytocin treatment and lithotomy position was necessary compared to the nursing students’ expression of such desirability of the approach. Conclusion The study showed a significant difference in the perceived requirements for child birth or delivery between medical students and nursing students. The main differences are suspected to be due to differences in the educational programs and backgrounds which both the medical students or nursing students received while studying and training for their respective professions

Application of artificial sunlight for the elderly as a possible environmental nursing practice

Aging and aged societies have arrived in many countries where significant development of medicine and the economy has been achieved. Japan is a highly aged society with a shortage of carers both at home and in long-term care settings. In fact, more persons of advanced age who do not need intensive care in hospitals strongly desire health care to be delivered in their own home with their family. Environmental nursing practice, which means that nurses improve the environment of patients or the elderly properly in accordance with healthcare considerations, is currently playing a more important role, not only to prevent the elderly from contracting various diseases, but also to provide a facility for supporting an aged person to live a fulfilling life, preferably one that includes independence. This approach will lead to a reduction in medical expenditure by increasing the number of aged people with healthy longevity without the need for hospitalization or intensive care. This short communication focuses on healthy lighting for the elderly based on our research and experience regarding the beneficial effects of artificial sunlight on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), asthma and food allergy, and ulcerative colitis in experimental animal models and clinical settings. Then, we review other studies and discuss how artificial sunlight would be useful for the elderly as one of the environmental nursing practices