The Effect of Education on Formula and Bottle Feeding Behaviors of Nursing Mothers Based on PRECEDE Model

Objective: Although a lot of interventional studies may be found which have investigated the effects of education on nursing mothers regarding advantages of breast-feeding behavior, but very few studies in developing countries have examined whether mothers are conscious of the risks associated with formula and bottle-feeding on children. Knowing that Breast-feeding Index has decreased in Iran and feeding behaviors are not suitable and adequate in nursing mothers, we studied the effect of education based on PRECEDE Model on improving mothers’ breast-feeding behaviors in Yazd, Iran. Methods: Cluster stage sampling was employed to recruit 60 pregnant mothers who had one month to the time of their delivery. Before and 3 months after implementing the educational program through group discussion, lectures and pamphlets , a self-prepared questionnaire was completed by the respondents. Validity and reliability of the scales were approved. SPSS software was used for the purpose of data entry, manipulation, and analysis. Findings: Mean age was 25.9 (±5.8) years; 96.6% were housewives. After implementing the educational program, mothers' knowledge (38%) and attitude (12.3%) were significantly increased (P=0.001). After implementing the program, 85% of the mothers fed their children exclusively with mother's milk and 15%, breast-fed together with formula. The children, who were formula-fed, were breast-fed 4-5 times daily as well. Moreover, none of them was formula-fed from the time of birth and formula-feeding was used as a result of improper weight getting in these children. Conclusion: In order to design effective educational programs, healthcare professionals should better understand the determinants of feeding behaviors in nursing mothers and develop stage-specific interventions, within which, promoting predisposing factors like knowledge and attitude are priorities of the program. The PRECEDE Model, as a basic model for programming, was found to be helpful in addressing the effects of education on formula and bottle-feeding behaviors and their predisposing factors in nursing mothers

Determine the Effectiveness of Learning of Coping Strategies with Irrational Beliefs Based on the Theory of Rational-Emotional Alice on Attitudes to Communicate Before Married Female High School Students in Yazd- Iran

Introduction This research was done with the objective of "Determine the effectiveness of learning coping strategies with Irrational Beliefs based on the theory of rational-emotional Alice on students’ attitude toward premarital relations in Yazd city". Materials and Methods In this semi experimental research 60 female students of Yazd-Iran, selected by using of Cochran’s formula and divided in two groups of control (30 persons) and experiment (30 persons) randomly. Learning of coping strategies with Irrational beliefs based on the theory of rational-emotional Alice during the 8 sessions of 90 minutes was conducted on experiment group, and the control group did not training; then post-test was conducted in two groups. Also, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) used in order to data analysis in descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Results The adjusted mean attitude scores of the relationship with the opposite sex in control group, on the pre-test and post-test was 51.27+12.16, 50.30+14.46 and in experimental group was 69.53+8.91, 43.63+10.96 respectively. The result Alice rational-emotional treatment method is effective on attitude to relationship before marriage of high school girls (

Effect of education based on health belief model on the social capital and quality of life among male teachers

This article is an experimental analysis of the relationship between social capital and quality of life based on the Health Belief Model. The research followed an experimental method. 100 male teachers were selected randomly and assigned to two groups of experimental and control (n=50 each). The instruction was conducted in nine two-hour sessions in the form of pamphlets, lectures, and group discussions and the posttest was performed after 3 months. Data were collected using three questionnaires. The comparison of the pretest and posttest mean scores in terms of the components of the health belief model, social capital, and life quality in both experimental and control groups showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in the pretest; however, the comparison of the results in posttest showed a significant difference. Leven test calculation, T, and covariance confirmed these differences and reflected the impact of intervention and implementation of the training program on the experimental group. The results of the analysis indicate that the models applied are significant, which confirms the examined propositions. Higher levels of social capital imply greater levels of quality of life at school

Mental health status of infertile couples based on treatment outcome

Background: Infertility is accompanied by numerous psychological and social problems. Infertile couples are more anxious and emotionally distressed than other fertile people. Previous studies suggested that infertility is more stressful for women than men. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the status of general health of infertile couples. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated general health of 150 infertile couples attending to Yazd Research and Clinical Center for Infertility that were selected consequently. The data were gathered by the researchers, based on face to face interview before and after three months of treatment by two questionnaires. The first questionnaire had questions on demographic information and the second one was the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28). This questionnaire has four sub- scales areas. All data were transferred directly to SPSS 15 and analyzed. Results: The mean age of women was 28.3 and men were 32.4 years. The scores for all sub- scales of GHQ in women were more than men. There was significant difference between age and general health at physical symptoms scales (p=0.002), anxiety and sleep disorders (p=0.003). The age group 25-29 years had higher scores (more than 7) than other age groups. There was significant difference between the scale of social dysfunction and results of treatment. Conclusion: Our results, similar to the previous studies have revealed negetive social and mental effects of infertility on women is more than men, so there is need that they be educated specially

Effects of education on self-monitoring of blood pressure based on BASNEF model in hypertensive patients

Abstract
 Introduction: The high prevalence of hypertension along with its serious complications on the body, have made this disorder to an important health problem. Hypertension monitoring in the house may be an effective method. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the effectiveness of education on blood pressure self-monitoring in patients with hypertension based on BASNEF model. 
 Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, 150 outpatients with hypertension referring to a private clinic in Yazd, Iran were recruited in the study. The data were collected by a validated and reliable questionnaire. The implementing educational program was continued for 2 months. BASNEF model applied to distinguish the behavior.
 Results: The respondents acquired 17.72% of total hypertension self-monitoring behavior score, 47.03% of attitude, 12.37% of subjective norms, 33.46% of intention and 50.95% of enabling factors. After intervention there were significant increases in self-monitoring behavior (173.31%), attitude (62.60%), subjective norms (54.70%), intention (129.93%) and enabling factors (46.62%) in intervention group. 
 Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the level of self-monitoring behavior in the patients was low. Educational programs, like what we implied in our study, in order to improve self-monitoring behavior in patients with hypertension may be helpful and necessary