Self-care behavior and its related factors in the community-dwelling elderlies in Sari, 2014

Background and aim: With increasing age in old era, happen changes in dimensions including physical weakness, reduce brain power and psychopathy in elderilies. So under the effect of such factors some actions must be done for elderlies. One of the best actions is self-care. The aim of this study was to determine the level of self-care behaviors and its related factors in community dwelling elderlies in Sari, 2014. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014 on 120 elderlies in Sari city. Multi-stage randomized sampling metod was done from 10 health centers. Data collection was done with self-care questionnare (standard by Ministry of Health). Reliability of this questionnaire calculated 0/83 with Cronbach's alpha test on 30 elderlies. Data analyzed by SPSS.v.16 software with using descriptive statistics( such as mean, abundance and median) and inferential statistics (such as t-test, Spearman and Pearson correlation and chi-square tests). Results: From 120 elderlies 50% were man that the most of them were married (64.5%), with average economic status (56.7%) and illiterate (60 persons). The mean and standard deviation of total self-care and physical, mental, emotional and spiritual dimensions were 128.42±11.98, 39.10 ± 4.22,18.15 ± 3.07, 34.75 ± 4.35 and 36.40 ± 5.16 respectively. There is a significant relationship among psychological self-care with education level (p=0.001) and lifestyle of elderlies (p=0.026). Also there is a significant and meaningful relationship among spiritual self-care with educational level of elderlies (p=0.001) and lifestyle of them (p=0.003). Conclusion: According to results of this study, the most level of elderlies self-care was good and demographic factors such as level of education, economic efficiency and life style were effective on self-care. based on the possible effects of education and economic efficiency on aspects of self-care, recommended provided some actions to improve quality of life and education of this people

The Accreditation of Human Resources and Physical Space of the Iranian Heart Centre: Comparison to the national and international standards

Objective: Standardization of hospital resources and physical space can be an important strategy to increase productivity and effectiveness of services. The study was conducted with the aim of comparative accreditation of human resources and physical space in Mazandaran heart centre compared with the standards. Method: This comparative descriptive study was carried out in Sari city (centre of Mazandaran province) during 2016-2017. The data collection tool consists of two checklists for investigating the physical space and human resources of the hospital. To evaluate the quality of the content, a checklist was distributed to 5 experts from Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. After corrections the checklist was applied. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 and descriptive statistics. Findings: The total number of nurses in this hospital was 288 and the total number of beds was 171. The human resources in the nursing, nutrition, operating room, anaesthesia departments were not standard. The ratio of total human resource to the number of beds was also estimated as 4.04. Results showed that the physical conditions in the hospital were moderately standard. The physical conditions of the hospital in most dimensions based on checklist, except the physical location of hospital and the features of its doors, were in accordance with the standard requirements. Conclusion: Considering the inappropriate distribution of human resource in the hospital and the non-standard design of physical space for providing services with better quality and increasing patients' satisfaction, it is recommended that experts control more carefully standard requirements

The effect of eucalyptus vapor on cough after coronary artery bypass surgery

Cough is postoperative complication following endotracheal intubation as well as inflammation of the pharynx, larynx and trachea. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eucalyptus vapor on cough after tracheal extubation in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). In this randomized controlled trial, 100 patients undergoing CABG were randomly divided into two groups by accessible sampling. Before the intervention and after tracheal extubation, demographic and clinical data, as well as data on cough by a scoring system were collected from interventional and control groups. The patients in the interventional group after tracheal extubation were exposed to eucalyptus vapor for about 10 min. This treatment was performed at 1 and 12 h after extubation. The severity of cough was recorded in both interventional and control groups at 0, 1, 6, 12 and 24 h after extubation. The present study showed that the severity of cough after extubation in the patients undergoing CABG in the interventional group had no significant difference at the times of immediate to 24 hours after extubation. Risk of cough had respectively 9.5% increase in the control group as compared to the interventional group

The Association between Mental Health and Job Satisfaction in Nurses Working in Teaching Hospitals Affiliated to Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in 2016

Introduction and purpose: Job satisfaction is a measure of positive feelings and attitudes that people hold about their job. It seems that job  atisfaction is an important factor affecting mental health. We aimed to determine the relationship between job satisfaction and mental health in nurses. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in 2016 on 250 nurses in hospitals affiliated to Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Sampling was performed through stratified random sampling method in proportion to the number of nurses in hospital wards. The inclusion criterion was at least one year of work experience in nursing. Data were collected by using the 28-item Mental Health Questionnaire, the standard job satisfaction questionnaire (19 items), and a socio-demographic information form. To analyze the data, descriptive tests, Chi-square test, Pearson correlation coefficient were used in SPSS. Results: The mean of age of the nurses was 31.71±5.83 years. The mental health average score was 19.42±11.49, indicating poor mental health. The mean job satisfaction score was 57.62±10.60, demonstrating very high job satisfaction. There was a significant negative correlation between job  satisfaction and mental health problems, that is, with increasing job satisfaction, mental health problems are reduced (r= - 0.15, P=0.01). Conclusion: According to our results, there was a significant negative correlation between job satisfaction and mental health. In other words, by increasing job satisfaction, mental health disorders can be reduced. Therefore, the results of this study can be used by policy makers to improve the nursing profession and adopt the necessary measures designed to promote job satisfaction

Managing large classes: the challenge of medical science university professors

Letter To Edito

The effects of lavender essential oil aromatherapy on anxiety and depression in haemodialysis patients

This study was intended to examine the effects of lavender essential oil aromatherapy on anxiety and depression in haemodialysis patients. This randomised clinical trial was conducted on 72 haemodialysis patients divided into control and experimental groups. The control group only received the routine care. The experimental group received aromatherapy with 3 drops of lavender essential oil 5% for 10 minutes every time they underwent haemodialysis for a period of one month. Anxiety and depression were measured in both groups at baseline and by the end of the second and fourth weeks during the first hour of a dialysis session. The rANOVA showed no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the severity of anxiety before the intervention and by the end of the second and fourth weeks (p  =  0.783). However, the  rANOVA revealed a significant difference with respect to the severity of depression between the two groups (p  =  0.005). Current research suggests that we need various concentrations of lavender essential oil to relieve anxiety compared to depression. In sum, future studies are required to investigate different concentrations of lavender essential oil at different times during haemodialysis sessions to obtain specific doses for lavender essential oil to be used on haemodialysis patients suffering from anxiety and depression

The Effect of Video Game Play Technique on Pain of Venipuncture in Children

Background The present study was designed and conducted to determine the effect of video game play on pain of venipuncture in 3-6 year-old children. Materials and Methods This randomized controlled trial study was conducted on 80 hospitalized children with pain of venipuncture procedures. Playing a video computer game for children during the venipuncture procedures was the intervention for the interventional group. Also the intensity of pain was measured by behavioral pain scale for children (FLACC scale) during the procedure. This scale was completed for patients without any intervention in the control group during venipuncture procedures. Results Pain intensity mean in the interventional group (2.65 ± 1.577) had significant changes in comparison with the control group (7.95 ± 1.084) (

The Effect of Distraction Technique on the Pain of Dressing Change among 3-6 Year-old Children

Background Burn dressings, debridement, surgical incisions, skin grafting and physical therapy are some of painful treatments of burn. According to the studies, distraction techniques have a significant effect on patients’ pain. The present study was designed and conducted to determine the effect of distraction on pain of dressing change in second degree burn in 3-6 year-old children. Materials and Methods This randomized controlled trial study, was conducted on 80 hospitalized children with second degree burn in 2015. Playing a video computer game for children during the dressing change procedure was the intervention for the interventional group. Also the intensity of pain was measured by behavioral pain scale for children (FLCC scale) during dressing. This scale was completed for patients without no intervention in the control group during dressing. Results Pain intensity mean in the interventional group (2.575 ± 1.807) had significant changes in comparison with the control group (8.025 ± 1.187) (

Admission Rate and Factors Associated with COVID-19 Disease in Children Attending the Emergency Department in Hospitals Affiliated to Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 2019-2020

Background and purpose:  Coronavirus (COVID-19) in children includes 1 to 5% of all cases but child mortality due to the disease is rare. The aim of this study was to determine the admission rate and factors associated with Covid-19 disease in children to better understand and control the disease. Materials and methods: In a descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study 594 samples were selected by systematic random sampling from 1847 children under 18 years of age attending the emergency departments affiliated with Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. Information was collected from medical records and telephone interviews with parents using a researcher-made questionnaire. Data were analyzed in SPSS V21 applying descriptive statistics, Fisher Exact test, Spearman, Kruskal–Wallis test, and Mann Whitney U test. Results: The mean age of patients was 69.4±71.7 months and 53% were boys. Common symptoms included fever (67%) and cough (29%) and mortality rate was 0.3%. Underlying diseases were seen in 9.3% and seizure was more prevalent (27.3%). Contact with COVID-19 patients was reported by 18.69%. The most common diagnostic method was based on clinical symptoms (80%). Among the children studied, 92.6% were admitted to hospital, of whom 13.5% were admitted to ICU. The mean SpO2 was 96.6% and 13.1% of the patients required respiratory support. The average fear of parents about their child getting Covid-19 was reported to be 5.1. Conclusion: The disease is observed to be mild and moderate in children. Also, severity of the disease and the resulting mortality rate are higher in children with underlying diseases. The most important reason for the delay in referring to medical centers was fear of parents about their child developing COVID-19