SYNTHESIS OF COPPER NANOPARTICLES USING ASCORBIC ACID AND CETYL TRIMETHYL AMMONIUM BROMIDE

Objective: The present study highlights the development of a method to synthesize copper nanoparticles (CuNPs).Methods: CuNPs were developed using 0.01 M copper penta sulfate and 0.11 M of ascorbic acid (AA) and 0.03 M of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide solution. The synthesized CuNPs were differentiated through filtration and washed by water (deionized). CuNPs were kept in dialysis bag 70 KD in a 250 mL glass beaker along with distilled water. The assembly was kept on a magnetic stirrer for 24 h at 500 rpm. Then, the dialysis bag containing CuNPs solution was filtered by a filter assembly with 0.2 μm nylon filter. The filtered CuNPs were spray dried with the help of spray drier.Results: The prepared CuNPs were found to be 440 nm with zeta potential of −10 mV and polydispersity index 0.314.Conclusion: The investigation deciphers the promising and material technique to synthesis of CuNPs by methods for synthetic reduction utilizing strategy using AA (0.2 M) and sodium hydroxide (1 M), and Syloid 244FP

IN VITRO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF HINGULESWARA RASABASED HERBOMINERAL FORMULATIONS

Objective: The aims of the present investigation were to develop the herbal and/or herbomineral formulations of Hinguleswara rasa and to compare their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, in vitro, with that of standard drug samples.Methods: This study was an interventional investigation in three samples: In the first sample, Hinguleswara rasa (HR1) was prepared as per methodology described in Rasatarangini using Shuddha Hingula (10 g), Shuddha Vatsanabha (10 g), and Pippali (10 g). In the second and third sample, respectively, Hinguleswara rasa was prepared by replacing Shuddha Hingula with Kajjali where Kajjali made from Hingulotha parada and Sodhita parada constitutes two varieties of Hinguleswara rasa, i.e. HR2 and HR3. In vitro antioxidant activity was studied using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, and the absorbance was recorded at 517 nm. For evaluating the in vitro anti-inflammatory studies, the inhibition of albumin denaturation technique was performed.Results: The results showed that the formulation of Hinguleswara rasa has shown dose-dependent activity which was observed in 100 μg concentration. HR1, HR2, and HR3 showed 36.11, 17.22, and 16.11% radical scavenging activity.Conclusion: It could be concluded that the changes made in the formulations did not affect the in vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of the herbomineral formulations

PHARMACEUTICAL STANDARDIZATION OF PANCHAGUNA TAILA (MEDICATED OIL) AND PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT AS OINTMENT, GEL, CREAM, AND PHYSIOWAX

  Objective: The present study aimed to prepare Panchaguna taila (PGT) and its development in various dosage forms, i.e. ointment, gel, cream, and physiowax to exemplify the characteristic parameters according to pharmaceutical standards.Methods: PGT is polyherbal medicated oil used externally for treating wounds, cut, and burn and used for massaging in rheumatoid arthritis, muscular pain, sprains, and joints pain. Prepare the decoction using Haritaki, Vibhitaki, Amalaki, Nimba, Sambhalu and prepare paste (kalka) from Madhuchishta, Gandhaphiroja, Shilarasa, Rala, and Guggulu. Mix all the ingredients and heat till watery portion not evaporated from the oil with constant stirring then filter it. Add eucalyptus oil, turpentine oil, and kejoputi oil at the end and stir it well. Prepare various dosage forms like ointment, gel, cream, and physiowax using suitable base for the better and improved therapeutic application. Analytical standards for PGT such as acid value, saponification value, iodine value, and peroxide value were performed, and obtained results were appeared under the prescribed limit of the official monograph. Various physicochemical parameters such as homogeneity, spreadability, pH, and melting point were performed for PGT ointment, PGT gel, PGT cream, and PGT physiowax. Stability study of PGT was done for 3 days under the accelerated conditions.Results: In PGT, various physicochemical parameters were performed on the interval of 24, 48, and 72 hrs, and no significant variation found in their physicochemical properties when observed values were compared. PGT ointment, PGT gel, PGT cream, and PGT physiowax containing PGT as active pharmaceutical ingredient with various suitable excipients and base are easy to formulate and convenient to apply over the affected area. Rf observed between the ranges 0.21 to 0.84 as given in the standard monograph. In PGT, PGT ointment and PGT physiowax, 10 spots were found, and in PGT gel and PGT cream, 7 spots were found. 0.11, 0.15, and 0.34 spots were found in the PGT gel, PGT cream, and PGT physiowax, respectively, that can be given by the excipients or base used for their preparation.Conclusion: It is possible to make other dosage form of PGT which can be more convenient to the customers. Hence, the issues related to the PGT like staining and sticking can be resolved by developing or converting the PGT into various convenient dosages

IMPACT OF PARTICLE SIZE OF KWATHYADRAVYA (DECOCTION POWDER) IN THE PREPARATION OF PHALTRIKADI KWATH

 Objectives: The study was aimed to investigate the effects of particle size, vessel used, and extraction time in the preparation of Phaltrikadi kwath.Methods: The particle size of Kwath dravya (solute) was cut into the size of 0.5 cm, 1 cm, 1.5 cm, 2 cm, and coarse powder (pass 60#). The ratios of solvent (water) were 16 times of solute and boiling was done till 1/4th part of the solvent was remain. The provided extraction time was also varied 5.5 to 6 h at temperature range 23C–90°C. Phaltrikadi kwath was prepared as per formula mentioned in Sharngadhar samhita†Madhyam khand 2/77.Results: Total 15 samples of Phaltrikadi kwath were prepared and analyzed for physicochemical and phytochemical parameters, from obtained value, it was confirmed that extraction procedure with varied particle size significantly affected the yield of active pharmaceutical ingredients in prepared Phaltrikadi kwath. Coarse particle sizes can produce a higher yield. Moreover, a longer extraction time produces a higher yield.Conclusion: Kwath (decoction) prepared by particle size 1.5 cm and 2.0 cm may be more therapeutically effective, as it has total solid content more than 6%, it proves that Yavakuta†phenomena of Ayurvedic classics

IMPACT OF PARTICLE SIZE OF KWATHYADRAVYA (DECOCTION POWDER) IN THE PREPARATION OF PHALTRIKADI KWATH

 Objectives: The study was aimed to investigate the effects of particle size, vessel used, and extraction time in the preparation of Phaltrikadi kwath.Methods: The particle size of Kwath dravya (solute) was cut into the size of 0.5 cm, 1 cm, 1.5 cm, 2 cm, and coarse powder (pass 60#). The ratios of solvent (water) were 16 times of solute and boiling was done till 1/4th part of the solvent was remain. The provided extraction time was also varied 5.5 to 6 h at temperature range 23C–90°C. Phaltrikadi kwath was prepared as per formula mentioned in Sharngadhar samhita†Madhyam khand 2/77.Results: Total 15 samples of Phaltrikadi kwath were prepared and analyzed for physicochemical and phytochemical parameters, from obtained value, it was confirmed that extraction procedure with varied particle size significantly affected the yield of active pharmaceutical ingredients in prepared Phaltrikadi kwath. Coarse particle sizes can produce a higher yield. Moreover, a longer extraction time produces a higher yield.Conclusion: Kwath (decoction) prepared by particle size 1.5 cm and 2.0 cm may be more therapeutically effective, as it has total solid content more than 6%, it proves that Yavakuta†phenomena of Ayurvedic classics

IMPACT OF FERMENTING AGENTS ON MARKETED PATENT PROPRIETARY FORMULATION ASHWAGANDHA KALPA

  Objective: The present work is aimed to formulate Ashwagandha kalpa and evaluate the impact of fermenting agent.Methods: A. kalpa is a marketed patent proprietary Ayurvedic product prepared by adopting the Ayurvedic principles of madya sandhana and it belongs to the class of formulations known as Sandhana kalpana. It is given to the patients suffering from hypertension, insomnia, paralysis, loss of concentration, etc. In the preparation of madya sandhana, the sandhana dravya (fermenting agents) play a key role. The present study was taken up to see the effect of three different sandhana dravya (fermenting agents), i.e., Dhataki pushpa (DAK), Madhuka (MAK), and yeast (YAK) on the formulation characterization of A. kalpa.Results: The prepared samples were tested for their physicochemical parameters, i.e., total solid, pH, specific gravity, sugar content, alcohol content, refractive index, phytochemical screening, quantitative assay for secondary metabolites, and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting. The findings of phytochemical evaluation, quantitative assay, and HPTLC fingerprint show marked variation among three different prepared samples of A. kalpa. The preliminary phytochemical estimation for the detection of secondary metabolites was done. The study revealed the presence of highest percentage of alkaloids in YAK, tannins in DAK and saponins in YAK. Total solid content was found to the highest in MAK. Physicochemical parameters such as pH, total solid content, refractive index, alcohol content, and specific gravity also showed marked variation. Alcohol content for the DAK and YAK was found same.Conclusion: sandhana dravya (fermenting agent) causes variations in different physicochemical and phytochemical parameters in the formulation and development of A. kalpa

FORMULATION OF HAJRAL YAHUD PISHTI AND ITS IN VITRO ANTIUROLITHIATIC EFFECT

 Objectives: The objectives of this study were to formulate and analyze the physicochemical properties of hajral yahud pishti and its in vitro evaluation for antiurolithiatic effect.Methods: Hajral yahud pishti was prepared using chandan arka, nagarmotha arka, and jala (water), respectively, as bhawana dravya. Physicochemical parameters were carried out using standard methods mentioned in official compendium of Ayurveda. In vitro antiurolithiatic activity of the prepared hajral yahud was done on artificially prepared urine.Results: No significant variation was observed in the physicochemical analysis of all prepared samples in different concentrations, i.e., 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1000 μL of the hajral yahud pishti showed dose-dependent antiurolithiatic activity in prepared artificial urine 1000 μL concentration exhibited 74.47% protection.Conclusion: The prepared hajral yahud pishti gave protection against urolithiasis

FORMULATION OF HAJRAL YAHUD PISHTI AND ITS IN VITRO ANTIUROLITHIATIC EFFECT

 Objectives: The objectives of this study were to formulate and analyze the physicochemical properties of hajral yahud pishti and its in vitro evaluation for antiurolithiatic effect.Methods: Hajral yahud pishti was prepared using chandan arka, nagarmotha arka, and jala (water), respectively, as bhawana dravya. Physicochemical parameters were carried out using standard methods mentioned in official compendium of Ayurveda. In vitro antiurolithiatic activity of the prepared hajral yahud was done on artificially prepared urine.Results: No significant variation was observed in the physicochemical analysis of all prepared samples in different concentrations, i.e., 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1000 μL of the hajral yahud pishti showed dose-dependent antiurolithiatic activity in prepared artificial urine 1000 μL concentration exhibited 74.47% protection.Conclusion: The prepared hajral yahud pishti gave protection against urolithiasis

DOSAGE FORM DEVELOPMENT AND PRELIMINARY PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TRIKANTAKADI KVATHA

  Objective: This is aimed to study the development of different dosage form and physicochemical characterization of Trikantakadi Kvatha (TK).Methods: Stability, shelf life, non-convenient, and large dosages administration are the major concern for Kvatha. To overcome these problems, an effort has been made to modify the formulation without changing its efficacy into various dosage forms such as tablet, syrup, and tincture. Comparative pharmacognostic, physicochemical, and phytochemical parameters of crude herbs and prepared formulations were investigated. TK was prepared by classical method mentioned in literature and converted into TK syrup, TK Ghana vati, and Trikantakadi tincture (TT). Precaution should be taken during the processing of formulations. TT placed at a dark place in airtight container.Results: Physicochemical and phytochemical investigations are not shown any remarkable variations with various prepared dosage forms. The Rf range observed between the 0.08 and 0.80 follows the standard value when compared with the reference of plant drug used for the preparation of dosage form.Conclusion: The prepared dosages forms were not exhibited any remarkable difference according to thin-layer chromatography studies and physicochemical parameters. However, the developed dosage forms are more stable than kvatha

Tinospora cordifolia: A Promising Herb of Ayurveda

Ayurvedic products (naturally obtained) with medicinal value are gradually again gaining importance worldwide. Tinospora cordifolia, commonly known as “GUDUCHI” is the nectar plant and has been called amrita in Sanskrit as it works in detoxifying and rejuvenating and boast immunity of the body. It is climber in nature which belongs to the family “Menispermaceae”. It is a deciduous plant with dry woods grown in tropical districts in India, Myanmar, and Sri Lanka, frequently climbing over fences or small trees. Following chemical constituents are alkaloids, diterpenoids lactones, glycosides, steroids, sesquiterpenoid, phenolic, aliphatic compound, and polysaccharides. T. cordifolia is found effective in dyspepsia, fever, urinary disorders and shows the following biological activities such as anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, and spermicida