Knowledge about anesthesia and the role of anesthesiologists among Jeddah citizens

Background: The anesthesiologist has a vital role in the operating theatres. Awareness of the role of the anesthesiologist and the types of anesthesia is essential for every person. This study was made to estimate how much information the general population have about the anesthesiologist and the different types of anesthesia.Methods: This research was a cross sectional non-interventional study. The research team conducted a questionnaire in which each participant in the study was interviewed by the research team. The sample size was 159 participants.Results: From the participants,99 (62.2%) recognized the anesthesiologist as a specialized doctor who administers the anesthetics,62 (38.9%) know that the anesthesiologist has a role in resuscitating the patient with the team if crises occurred. However, 85 (53.4%) believe that the surgeon has the responsibility of postoperative pain management. Physicians were the source of knowledge for most participant’s information.Conclusions: A reasonable percentage of people appreciated the role of the anesthesiologist in administrating the anesthesia, however there is a lack of information about the role of the anesthesiologist intra and postoperatively. The need for more education for people about anesthesia is essential as the amount of information about anesthesia in general is rather low

Radially oriented mesoporous TiO2 microspheres with single-crystal–like anatase walls for high-efficiency optoelectronic devices

Highly crystalline mesoporous materials with oriented configurations are in demand for high-performance energy conversion devices. We report a simple evaporation-driven oriented assembly method to synthesize three-dimensional open mesoporous TiO2 microspheres with a diameter of ~800 nm, well-controlled radially oriented hexagonal mesochannels, and crystalline anatase walls. The mesoporous TiO2 spheres have a large accessible surface area (112 m2/g), a large pore volume (0.164 cm3/g), and highly single-crystal–like anatase walls with dominant (101) exposed facets, making them ideal for conducting mesoscopic photoanode films. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on the mesoporous TiO2 microspheres and commercial dye N719 have a photoelectric conversion efficiency of up to 12.1%. This evaporation-driven approach can create opportunities for tailoring the orientation of inorganic building blocks in the assembly of various mesoporous materials.State Key Basic Research Program of China (2013CB934104 and 2012CB224805), the National Science Foundation (21210004), the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (08DZ2270500), the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (B108), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (project no. 29-280), and Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University–The International Highly Cited Research Group Program (IHCRG#14-102). Y.L. also acknowledges the Interdisciplinary Outstanding Doctoral Research Funding of Fudan University (EZH2203302/001)

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its ‘Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles’, which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly

Rh promoted Ni over yttria–zirconia supported catalyst for hydrogen‐rich syngas production through dry reforming of methane

Abstract Rh‐promoted YZr‐supported Ni catalyst (5Ni/YZr) is investigated for DRM and characterized with X‐ray diffraction, Raman, infrared spectroscopy, cyclic reduction–oxidation–reduction temperature programmed experiment, thermogravimetry, and transmission electron microscope. Over 5Ni/YZr, some active sites become inactive under the CO2 stream and limit H2 yield to ∼71%. Upon 4 wt% Rh addition over 5Ni/YZr; more than one type of stable active sites (Rh and Ni) generates, moderate basic sites are enhanced, wide ranges of CO2‐interacted surface species (especially bidentate CO2‐adsorbed species) are grown and graphitic carbon proportion over spent catalyst declines. This resulted in 87.35% H2 yield and 86.73% CO yield up to 420 min. 5Ni4Rh/YZr catalyst maintains ∼80% H2 yield at the end of 27 h of DRM reaction

Effect of Adding Gadolinium Oxide Promoter on Nickel Catalyst over Yttrium-Zirconium Oxide Support for Dry Reforming of Methane

The dry reforming of methane (DRM) was studied for seven hours at 800 °C and 42 L/(g·h) gas hourly space velocity over Ni-based catalysts, promoted with various amounts of gadolinium oxide (x = 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 wt.%) and supported on mesoporous yttrium-zirconium oxide (YZr). The best catalyst was found to have 4.0 wt.% of gadolinium, which resulted in ∼80% and ∼86% conversions of CH4 and CO2, respectively, and a mole ratio of ∼0.90 H2/CO. The addition of Gd2O3 shifted the diffraction peaks of the support to higher angles, indicating the incorporation of the promoter into the unit cell of the YZr support. The Gd2O3 promoter improved the catalyst basicity and the interaction of NiO with support, which were reflected in the coke resistance (6.0 wt.% carbon deposit on 5Ni+4Gd/YZr; 19.0 wt.% carbon deposit on 5Ni/YZr) and the stability of our catalysts. The Gd2O3 is believed to react with carbon dioxide to form oxycarbonate species and helps to gasify the surface of the catalysts. In addition, the Gd2O3 enhanced the activation of CH4 and its conversion on the metallic nickel sites

Carbon Dioxide Valorization into Methane Using Samarium Oxide-Supported Monometallic and Bimetallic Catalysts

Samarium oxide (Sm2O3) is a versatile surface for CO2 and H2 interaction and conversion. Samarium oxide-supported Ni, samarium oxide-supported Co-Ni, and samarium oxide-supported Ru-Ni catalysts were tested for CO2 methanation and were characterized by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen physisorption, infrared spectroscopy, H2-temperature programmed reduction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Limited H2 dissociation and widely available surface carbonate and formate species over 20 wt.% Ni, dispersed over Sm2O3, resulted in ~98% CH4 selectivity. The low selectivity for CO could be due to the reforming reaction between CH4 (methanation product) and CO2. Co-impregnation of cobalt with nickel over Sm2O3 had high surface adsorbed oxygen and higher CO selectivity. On the other hand, co-impregnation of ruthenium and nickel over Sm2O3 led to more than one catalytic active site, carbonate species, lack of formate species, and 94% CH4 selectivity. It indicated the following route of CH4 synthesis over Ru-Ni/Sm2O3; carbonate → unstable formate → CO → CH4

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its ‘Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles’, which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly