Artistic and Educational Functions of Allegory

One of the important tools that the author of educational literature uses to explain and interpret moral and mystical ideas and to convey his content to the audience is allegory. In the allegory of the writer and poet, he first expresses general and abstract concepts, which are often rational and news-type, and then gives a literary example and reason to make them tangible and objective and to prove his claim. In the sense that their reasoned words are simple and understandable with the explicit conclusion, he has a profound effect on the reader. All kinds of allegories are powerful tools of illustration and de-familiarization and the origin of creating novel themes, and since in these literary techniques, positive images serve to convince the audience, the method of argumentative expression is superior to artistic expression. In this article, the artistic, educational, and training functions of various types of allegory have been reviewed. The research is based on the application of examples of this literary array in important educational works and Indian styles and considering the views of experts and the author's personal perception of this rhetorical art. The general conclusion of the article is that the abundant use of different forms of allegory is one of the secrets of beauty and taste and the effect of the language of educational and Indian literary works on the reader, and this has made the contents so popular that the readers accept the meanings and concepts wholeheartedly and without any question

Convalescent plasma in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised controlled, open-label, platform trial

SummaryBackground Azithromycin has been proposed as a treatment for COVID-19 on the basis of its immunomodulatoryactions. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of azithromycin in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19.Methods In this randomised, controlled, open-label, adaptive platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19Therapy [RECOVERY]), several possible treatments were compared with usual care in patients admitted to hospitalwith COVID-19 in the UK. The trial is underway at 176 hospitals in the UK. Eligible and consenting patients wererandomly allocated to either usual standard of care alone or usual standard of care plus azithromycin 500 mg once perday by mouth or intravenously for 10 days or until discharge (or allocation to one of the other RECOVERY treatmentgroups). Patients were assigned via web-based simple (unstratified) randomisation with allocation concealment andwere twice as likely to be randomly assigned to usual care than to any of the active treatment groups. Participants andlocal study staff were not masked to the allocated treatment, but all others involved in the trial were masked to theoutcome data during the trial. The primary outcome was 28-day all-cause mortality, assessed in the intention-to-treatpopulation. The trial is registered with ISRCTN, 50189673, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04381936.Findings Between April 7 and Nov 27, 2020, of 16 442 patients enrolled in the RECOVERY trial, 9433 (57%) wereeligible and 7763 were included in the assessment of azithromycin. The mean age of these study participants was65·3 years (SD 15·7) and approximately a third were women (2944 [38%] of 7763). 2582 patients were randomlyallocated to receive azithromycin and 5181 patients were randomly allocated to usual care alone. Overall,561 (22%) patients allocated to azithromycin and 1162 (22%) patients allocated to usual care died within 28 days(rate ratio 0·97, 95% CI 0·87–1·07; p=0·50). No significant difference was seen in duration of hospital stay (median10 days [IQR 5 to >28] vs 11 days [5 to >28]) or the proportion of patients discharged from hospital alive within 28 days(rate ratio 1·04, 95% CI 0·98–1·10; p=0·19). Among those not on invasive mechanical ventilation at baseline, nosignificant difference was seen in the proportion meeting the composite endpoint of invasive mechanical ventilationor death (risk ratio 0·95, 95% CI 0·87–1·03; p=0·24).Interpretation In patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19, azithromycin did not improve survival or otherprespecified clinical outcomes. Azithromycin use in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 should be restrictedto patients in whom there is a clear antimicrobial indication

Tocilizumab in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial

Background: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of tocilizumab in adult patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 with both hypoxia and systemic inflammation. Methods: This randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]), is assessing several possible treatments in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in the UK. Those trial participants with hypoxia (oxygen saturation <92% on air or requiring oxygen therapy) and evidence of systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein ≥75 mg/L) were eligible for random assignment in a 1:1 ratio to usual standard of care alone versus usual standard of care plus tocilizumab at a dose of 400 mg–800 mg (depending on weight) given intravenously. A second dose could be given 12–24 h later if the patient's condition had not improved. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality, assessed in the intention-to-treat population. The trial is registered with ISRCTN (50189673) and ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04381936). Findings: Between April 23, 2020, and Jan 24, 2021, 4116 adults of 21 550 patients enrolled into the RECOVERY trial were included in the assessment of tocilizumab, including 3385 (82%) patients receiving systemic corticosteroids. Overall, 621 (31%) of the 2022 patients allocated tocilizumab and 729 (35%) of the 2094 patients allocated to usual care died within 28 days (rate ratio 0·85; 95% CI 0·76–0·94; p=0·0028). Consistent results were seen in all prespecified subgroups of patients, including those receiving systemic corticosteroids. Patients allocated to tocilizumab were more likely to be discharged from hospital within 28 days (57% vs 50%; rate ratio 1·22; 1·12–1·33; p<0·0001). Among those not receiving invasive mechanical ventilation at baseline, patients allocated tocilizumab were less likely to reach the composite endpoint of invasive mechanical ventilation or death (35% vs 42%; risk ratio 0·84; 95% CI 0·77–0·92; p<0·0001). Interpretation: In hospitalised COVID-19 patients with hypoxia and systemic inflammation, tocilizumab improved survival and other clinical outcomes. These benefits were seen regardless of the amount of respiratory support and were additional to the benefits of systemic corticosteroids. Funding: UK Research and Innovation (Medical Research Council) and National Institute of Health Research

Convalescent plasma in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised controlled, open-label, platform trial

Background: Many patients with COVID-19 have been treated with plasma containing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of convalescent plasma therapy in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Methods: This randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]) is assessing several possible treatments in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in the UK. The trial is underway at 177 NHS hospitals from across the UK. Eligible and consenting patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either usual care alone (usual care group) or usual care plus high-titre convalescent plasma (convalescent plasma group). The primary outcome was 28-day mortality, analysed on an intention-to-treat basis. The trial is registered with ISRCTN, 50189673, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04381936. Findings: Between May 28, 2020, and Jan 15, 2021, 11558 (71%) of 16287 patients enrolled in RECOVERY were eligible to receive convalescent plasma and were assigned to either the convalescent plasma group or the usual care group. There was no significant difference in 28-day mortality between the two groups: 1399 (24%) of 5795 patients in the convalescent plasma group and 1408 (24%) of 5763 patients in the usual care group died within 28 days (rate ratio 1·00, 95% CI 0·93–1·07; p=0·95). The 28-day mortality rate ratio was similar in all prespecified subgroups of patients, including in those patients without detectable SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at randomisation. Allocation to convalescent plasma had no significant effect on the proportion of patients discharged from hospital within 28 days (3832 [66%] patients in the convalescent plasma group vs 3822 [66%] patients in the usual care group; rate ratio 0·99, 95% CI 0·94–1·03; p=0·57). Among those not on invasive mechanical ventilation at randomisation, there was no significant difference in the proportion of patients meeting the composite endpoint of progression to invasive mechanical ventilation or death (1568 [29%] of 5493 patients in the convalescent plasma group vs 1568 [29%] of 5448 patients in the usual care group; rate ratio 0·99, 95% CI 0·93–1·05; p=0·79). Interpretation: In patients hospitalised with COVID-19, high-titre convalescent plasma did not improve survival or other prespecified clinical outcomes. Funding: UK Research and Innovation (Medical Research Council) and National Institute of Health Research

Effect of Menmention remembrance of God Allah human evolutiontion on Human Evolution

The mention of one of the most beautiful manifestations of romantic relationship with God is that its continuance keeps the spirit alive and saves the rustling of sins and plays a fundamental role in the journey and the flourishing of the hidden talents of mankind. has it. No matter how much the heart of the soul is, the purity of the deeds and beliefs, and more on the heart to the sun of divinity, the works will be more pronounced. In this research, the role of types of mentioning has been criticized in terms of peace and physical and mental health and spiritual development of man. The research has been conducted on the basis of how the types of mentioning in the Holy Quran are used and the important mystical works and the views of the views of the owners and their immediate receipt by analyzing the content of these works. The overall result of the paper is that the remembrance of Allah is effective in the spiritual and moral creation of man, and ultimately leads to the perfection and perfection of mankind

Skills of paradox in Aesthetics

Abstract Aesthetics paradox is one of the ways of defamiliarization and creating language aesthetics and is not related to concepts, but it contains vocables which contradict somehow (Vahidian, 1376: 284). In aesthetic paradox, the poets can convey themselves in a simple way, for example, instead of "Atash dar Atash Zadan", "Nabood Kardan Atash", "Azad bodan Asiir" "Azad bodan Asheg”, “Tagreebe jodaiee”, “fararesidan jodaiee" and "jameh Parishan" instead of "gorohe parishan". They often conveyed this through paradox to stimulate the readers. By this the reader tries to get the fact beyond this. The reader tries to enjoy from discovering this fact and store that in his mind. The paradox can be divided into two parts structurely 1-     Exional e.g: Bikhabar Ra Saheebe Khabar Danestan", "Bishee Rar Dar Kamii Danestan" 2-     Syntactical e.g.: "Rahee BiRahii", "Zabane Bizabanie”   1. Paradox through exion: Sometimes paradox in the concept of one verse or one half verse is in the form of exions. Such images, in comparison to syntactic paradox has more artistic value. Most aesthetics paradoxes in Persian Literature are exional. Exional paradox is divided into seven kinds. 1.1.           On the basis of Metaphor 1.2.           On the basis of simile / Analogy 1.3.           On the basis of kenning 1.4.           On the basis of allegory 1.5.           On the basis of two- sided images 1.6.           On the basis of ambiguity 1.7.           On the basis of Rhetoric These rhetorical and figurative language practices are inherently beautiful but when they are conveyed through paradox, their effects are increased several times.   1.1. on the basis of Metaphor In this type of contradiction, view of aesthetics mosta’ar is chosen to be in contradiction with a word in poetry and by eliminating moshabah-on-beh, contradiction is clear: (Given example – Hafeez 1835: 192) 1.2. On the basis of simile: In this type of contradictory view such vehicle is chosen to be in contradiction with the word poetry and with the removal of this vehicle, contradiction is clear. (Given example- Khaganie, 1367: 699).   2. Paradox in the form of syntactic In this rhetorical art two sides of one coin of a combination violate each other in terms of the concept (Shaffiee- 1370: 37 for example aabe khoshk, atashe abdar, …. In these combinations, there are paradox and contradiction in term of concepts. Although such contradictions are fault in the Logic, they are excellent in Persian Literature. This type of application is frequent. Synthetic paradoxes are also seven kinds. 2.1. On the basis of Metaphor 2.2. On the basis of simile / Analogy 2.3. On the basis of kenning 2.4. On the basis of allegory 2.5. On the basis of two- sided images 2.6. On the basis of ambiguity 2.7. On the basis of Rhetoric   2.1. On the basis of Allegory Here it is allowed to put the synonymous instead of a word. This synonym is in contradiction with that word in one concept, but in central meaning has consistency. For e.g. jogdea Homayon (Saee 1375, first vol. 258)   2.2. On the basis of two- sided images In this exponential contradictory of aesthetic, these vehicles are chosen in the way that they create paradox in poetry and by eliminating them, this contradiction is clear (Given example, Khaganii, 1367: 368)

Exergy and environmental assessments of the performance of a molten carbonate fuel cell cogeneration plant: External steam reforming against internal steam reforming

Two different configurations of a system including a cogeneration plant based on molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) with internal steam reforming (IR-MCFC) and external steam reforming (ER-MCFC) for producing power and hot water are modeled and investigated thermodynamically. Energetic, exergetic and environmental analyses are performed for the proposed systems and compared with each other from different viewpoints. Effects of various parameters, namely after-burner emissions recycling, fuel utilization ratio, operating temperature of stack and current density are investigated on the output potential voltages and any kind of voltage losses, net generated power, CO2 emission and energy and exergy efficiencies of two proposed cogeneration plants. The main sources of irreversibility are introduced for each system as well. The comparative analysis revealed that energy efficiencies of the IR-MCFC and IR-MCFC based cogeneration systems are about 14.85% and 4.82% larger than those of the ER-MCFC and ER-MCFC-based cogeneration systems, respectively. Also, exergy efficiencies of the IR-MCFC and IR-MCFC based cogeneration systems are about 14.46% and 11.08% more than exergy efficiencies of their external reforming types, respectively. The results indicated that CO2 emission of ER-MCFC system (0.18 kg/MW) is almost two times of IR-MCFC system (0.36 kg/MW)

Relationship between circadian rhythm of blood pressure and renal failure severity in patients with chronic renal failure

Background: Blood pressure decreases during sleep and is markedly increased in the morning in healthy individuals. Lack of nocturnal blood pressure fall (non-dipping) has been associated with cardiovascular morbidity, mortality and other organ damage. However, their importance in chronic renal failure is unclear. This study aimed to investigate relationship between circadian rhythm of blood pressure and renal failure severity in patients with chronic kidney disease. Methods: This cross-section study was done in April 2016. The study population was 95 patients, more than 30 year old with hypertension and chronic renal failure. Patients were selected from clinics of two private and university hospitals affiliated to Qom University of Medical Sciences Shahid Beheshti Hospital and Vali-e-Asr Hospital, Iran. Checklist containing data such as age, sex, duration of renal failure and cause of renal failure were filled. Serum creatinine and serum urea levels were measured and entered in the checklist. The circadian rhythm of blood pressure in all patients was assessed by Holter monitoring. patients who had less than 10% decrease in blood pressure overnight were considered non-dipper and those who had 10% or more decrease in blood pressure overnight were considered dipper. Results: Average (SD) 24-hour ambulatory systolic and diastolic of blood pressure was 136.56 (16.66) and 84.84 (10.86) mmHg, respectively. 70 patients (73.7%) had non-dipper blood pressure pattern and 25 patients (26.3%) had dipper blood pressure pattern. There was no significant difference between two groups (dipper and non-dipper) based on distribution of gender (P=0.744), age (P=0.407), serum creatinine (P=0.569), serum urea (P=0.689) and renal failure duration (P=0.812). Mean of glomerular filtration rate in dipper group was 68.64±4.13 and in non-dipper group was 65.09±16.27 (P=0.337). Conclusion: The results of this study did not show a significant relationship between circadian rhythm of blood pressure and renal failure severity. In addition, patients with chronic renal failure showed higher rates of non-dipping pattern of blood pressure

Investigation of the Circadian Rhythm of Blood Pressure in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and its Association with Metabolic Parameters

Background and Objectives: Many diseases, such as metabolic syndrome, cancer and cardiovascular diseases, are associated with circadian rhythm. This study was performed with the aim of assessing blood pressure in individuals with metabolic syndrome and association of metabolic parameters of this syndrome with blood pressure rhythm.   Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on patients referred to the clinics of Shahid Beheshti and Vali-asr hospitals in Qom city. Among them, 109 patients were selected using census method from April 2014 to completion of the sample size. Data collection was performed using a demographic characteristics checklist and results of 24-hour blood pressure monitoring. data were analyzed using t-test and chi square.   Results: In this study, the age range of patients was between 30 to 85 years old with the mean of 53.08±13.82, which 65.1% (71 subjects) were female and 34.9% (38 subjects) were male. Among the woman, 76.1% (54 subjects) and among the men, 71.1% (27 subjects) had non-dipper blood pressure (p=0.569). The mean of fasting blood sugar in non-dipper group was 108.39±32.66 and in dipper group was 104.35±18.74 (p=0.537). The prevalence of non-dipper hypertension in patients with diabetes (87%) was significantly higher than non-diabetic patients (65.1%) (p=0.015).   Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that distribution of age, sex, and metabolic syndrome parameters, such as blood glucose, obesity (BMI) and plasma lipids in the non-dipper group, were not significantly different from the dipper group, but the prevalence of non-dipper hypertension in diabetic patients was higher. &nbsp