Application of Pinch Analysis for Energy Saving and Reducing Gas Emissions Based on Mathematical Model in the Hydrocracking Unit

Pinch analysis approach of the heat exchanger network in the hydrocracking unit was carried out to save the energy consumption and reduce the gas emissions simultaneously. This method based on mathematical model of the hydrocracking unit for a heat exchanger network using LINGO program to achieve the minimization of environmental impacts and the reduction of energy cost. The presented energy demands for the heat exchanger network are 20.38 MMBtu/hr and 26.52 MMBtu/hr for heating and cooling loads, respectively. The current analysis shows a huge opportunity in order to decrease energy consumption of the hydrocracking process at a minimum temperature difference of 60°F. The final results display the save of energy is about 44% for heating utility in furnace, while the save of cooling utility is around 34%. All these savings of the energy will lead to saving in the energy costs about 1,415,078 USD$/yr. Similarly, reducing the gas emissions of the hydrocracking unit from 12301.67 to 6854.77 metric tons/yr and this equivalent reducing of 44.3%

Biopolishing of Domestic Wastewater Using Polyvinyl Alcohol – Supported Biofilm of Bacterial Strain Bacillus velezensis Isolate JB7

Water pollution occurs due to the discharge of domestic waste mixed with residential, industrial, commercial, and agricultural wastewater. Conventional water treatment methods using aerobic/anaerobic methods can cause problems with the production of high green gases and result in the greenhouse effect. Microbial-based domestic sewage treatment technology using polyvinyl alcohol biofilm supporting media was introduced as an alternative measure to overcome this problem. The objective of the study was to determine the performance of polyvinyl alcohol beads in polishing domestic wastewater. In this study, the bacterium Bacillus velezensis isolate JB7 was used together with PVA as a raw material to treat domestic sewage wastewater more efficiently and stably. The results of the study show the effectiveness of domestic wastewater treatment in several factors such as pH value, chemical oxygen demand (COD), phosphorus, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, and total suspended solids. In conclusion, domestic wastewater treatment methods using polyvinyl alcohol beads are seen to be effective, reducing the use of sewage waste plant construction sites and able to avoid the use of non-recyclable materials such as plastics and synthetics