FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF DISPERSED PERMETHRIN PRONIOSOMES IN POWDER AND MICROEMULSION-BASED HYDROGEL BASES FOR THE TREATMENT OF SCABIES

Objective: This study is aimed to encapsulation of permethrin in proniosomes and formulation and evaluation of dispersed permethrin in powder and micro emulsion-based hydrogel bases.Methods: Permethrin proniosomes were prepared by modified slurry method using Brij 97, cholesterol, aerosil 200 and drug in different weight ratios, and using two different solvents. The prepared proniosomes were characterized for particle size, shape, flow characteristics, entrapment efficiency.Results: The studies demonstrated successful preparation of permethrin proniosomes. The effect of using different weight ratios of Drug: Brij 97: Cholesterol and different solvents on entrapment efficiency were studied. The best proniosomes showed entrapment efficiency percent of 55.58%±1.451 for permethrin and zero residual solvents. Such formula was incorporated in a topical powder and micro emulsion-based hydrogel basis and evaluated through particle size, drug content, stability, and clinical trials for efficacy on sarcoptic mite infestation in sheep and rabbits.Conclusion: Permethrin 5 % micro emulsion-based hydrogel proved to be homogenous, stable, and clinically effective, compared with the topical powder that was unstable under accelerated stability conditions

TOPICAL BENZOPHENONE-3 MICROEMULSION-BASED GELS: PREPARATION, EVALUATION AND DETERMINATION OF MICROBIOLOGICAL UV BLOCKING ACTIVITY

Objective: Microemulsions (MEs) have been developed as active vehicles for sunscreens being physical sunscreens on their own.The aim of this study is to incorporate Benzophenone-3 (BZ-3), a chemical sunscreening agent into MEs resulting in a synergistic effect on its protective characteristics. Methods: Screening of BZ-3 in different oils, surfactants and cosurfactants available for topical delivery was carried out. A full factorial study design (3.22) was adopted to study the effect of three independent variables namely;BZ-3, oil, and S/CoSmix(1:1) concentrations on the in-vitro SPF value of the prepared ME gel formulae. Results: Formulae having SPF>30 were further evaluated regarding in-vitro permeation test. Finally, an in vitro microbiological assay was adopted to compare the survival percent of E.coli against UV exposure. Formula F11IPM ME gel consisting of 3% BZ-3 and 10% Isopropyl myristate as oil together with 60% w/w Tween80/Cremophore RH40 mix (1:1)as surfactant and cosurfactant respectively was chosen as the optimum formula having an in vitro SPF of 33.15±0.91,lowest permeation of 192±16.13µg/cm2 after eight hours and microbiological UV blocking activity of 88±5.84%which is not significantly different from the standard Spectra Ban plus (SPF=30) having a survival percent of 80±3.04%. Conclusion: This study illustrated the potential use of microemulsified BZ-3 delivery system to improve the SPF of BZ-3

Formulation, evaluation and optimization of miconazole nitrate tablet prepared by foam granulation technique

The aim of our study was to utilize novel foam granulation technique in formulation of miconazole nitrate; a model hydrophobic drug as oral disintegrating tablets "ODT" particularly to enhance its bioavailability. Foam granulation technique has additional advantages over the other traditional granulation technique since; it enhances the granulation process and produce acceptable tablets. Fractional factorial design was used to investigate the effect of formulation and processing variables on the prepared miconazole ODT. The prepared granules were evaluated by measuring their density, flowability, granules size and shape, and granules wetting time. The quality attributes of the prepared tablets; drug content, tablet thickness, uniformity of weight, tablet tensile strength, friability, disintegration, and dissolution were also evaluated. The results indicated that, the prepared granules showed acceptable characteristics and is significantly affected by the disintegrant type, urea concentration, and the lubricant type. The quality attributes of the tablets were not affected by the processing parameters. From the prepared formulas; F20, F19, F12, and F20 displayed 18, 35, 35, and 40 seconds disintegration time respectively and the percent of dissolution after 15 minutes ranged from 94.4-100%. These results ascertained that foam granulation technique fulfill the requirement in preparation of miconazole ODT. Key words: miconazole nitrate, foam granulation, oral disintegrating tablet

Formulation, evaluation and optimization of miconazole nitrate tablet prepared by foam granulation technique

The aim of our study was to utilize novel foam granulation technique in formulation of miconazole nitrate; a model hydrophobic drug as oral disintegrating tablets "ODT" particularly to enhance its bioavailability. Foam granulation technique has additional advantages over the other traditional granulation technique since; it enhances the granulation process and produce acceptable tablets. Fractional factorial design was used to investigate the effect of formulation and processing variables on the prepared miconazole ODT. The prepared granules were evaluated by measuring their density, flowability, granules size and shape, and granules wetting time. The quality attributes of the prepared tablets; drug content, tablet thickness, uniformity of weight, tablet tensile strength, friability, disintegration, and dissolution were also evaluated. The results indicated that, the prepared granules showed acceptable characteristics and is significantly affected by the disintegrant type, urea concentration, and the lubricant type. The quality attributes of the tablets were not affected by the processing parameters. From the prepared formulas; F20, F19, F12, and F20 displayed 18, 35, 35, and 40 seconds disintegration time respectively and the percent of dissolution after 15 minutes ranged from 94.4-100%. These results ascertained that foam granulation technique fulfill the requirement in preparation of miconazole ODT. Key words: miconazole nitrate, foam granulation, oral disintegrating tablet

Revolution Interview by Alia Badawi

This is an interview I, Alia Badawi, have conducted with a former AUC student and now an HSBC financial advisor, Salma El-Guindy. The main point of this interview is the Egyptian Revolution of January 25th and the controversial topics and opinions on the subject

Preparation and Evaluation of Microemulsion Systems Containing Salicylic Acid

Microemulsions (MEs) are clear, thermodynamically stable systems. They were used to solubilize drugs and to improve topical drug availability. Salicylic acid (SA) is a keratolytic agent used in topical products with antimicrobial actions. The objective of this work was to prepare and evaluate SA ME systems. Different concentrations of SA were incorporated in an ME base composed of isopropyl myristate, water, and Tween 80: propylene glycol in the ratio of 15:1. Three ME systems were prepared: S2%, S5%, and S10% which contain 2%, 5%, and 10% of SA, respectively. Evaluation by examination under cross-polarizing microscope, measuring of percent transmittance, pH measurement, determination of the specific gravity, assessment of rheological properties, and accelerated stability study were carried out. The data showed that the addition of SA markedly affected the physical properties of the base. All systems were not affected by accelerated stability tests. Stability study for 6 months under ambient conditions was carried out for S10%. No remarkable changes were recorded except a decrease in the viscosity value after 1 month. The results suggested that ME could be a suitable vehicle for topical application of different concentrations of SA