Nanostructured Mg and Al oxides by a combustion synthesis method and fabrication of the thin films by pulsed laser deposition / Nurhanna Batar @ Badar

In this research, the novel properties and potential applications of some nanostructured metal oxides and thin film metal oxides were studied. This work consists of mainly two parts, firstly the nano and micron powders investigation and secondly the thin film characteristics. The characteristics of nano powders have to be investigated first before thin film nanostructures are being researched, that is why it is important to study the characteristics of AI₂O₃ and MgO nano powders first. MgO and AI₂O₃ nano powders and its doped materials, Mg₁₋ₓCuₓO (x = 0.02, 0.04, 0.06) and Al₂₋ₓCrₓO₃ (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) were synthesized using a combustion method. The study on doped compounds is to investigate band gap changes in the new materials. The synthesis conditions were optimized to obtain pure nanostructured metal oxides. In this work, it is found that the synthesis route using triethanolamine for the combustion synthesis is suitable in obtaining pure and single phase MgO, AI₂O₃, Mg₁₋ₓCuₓO and Al₂₋ₓCrₓO₃ materials. The presence of substitutional elements in the MgO, AI₂O₃ lattice had caused changes in morphologies and crystallite size of the materials. The band gaps and electronic band transitions were studied and found to be quite intimately connected with their functionalities. The band gap energies of MgO, AI₂O₃ obtained from the synthesis exhibit lower band gap energies than the standard value of the bulk MgO, AI₂O₃ but these results agree with work done in recent findings using more modern equipment. It was also found that the presence of substitutional elements Cu and Cr in MgO, AI₂O₃ lattice, respectively modifies the band spectra causing band gap narrowing in the materials. For thin film fabrication, high quality ultra-thin MgO, AI₂O₃ films were fabricated via the Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) method using different process parameters. The purpose is to see the effects of reducing the thickness of the thin films to nano dimension on the I-V characteristics of the thin film samples and investigate the reasons behind the observed experimental results. It was also to see if reducing the length in 1-D scale will affect the band gaps of the thin films. Thin film characteristics such as phase, purity, crystal growth direction, morphology and thickness are measured and studied. It was observed that the band gap of the thin films increased as the thickness decreased due to quantum effects, however, turn-on voltage has the opposite effect. This can be seen for both MgO, AI₂O₃ thin films. The decrease of the turn-on as well as the tunnelling voltage of the thinner films despite their larger band gap is a direct experimental evidence of quantum tunnelling effects in the thin films. This also proves that the quantum tunnelling effect is more prominent in low dimensional structures. Valence band offset of the thin films seem to play an important role to the electron dynamics of quantum tunnelling. According to the experimental results, AI₂O₃ thin films were found to be more useful for MOS application compared to MgO thin films

Annealing effect on structural and electrochemical performance of Ti-doped LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 cathode materials

NMC 111 cathode materials exhibit engaging properties in high energy density and low cost, making it great potential for the next generation of high-energy lithium-ion batteries. However, it still faces challenges such as fast capacity fade, especially at high C rates. Herein, we implement the novel Ti-doped cathode material, LiNi0.3Mn0.3Co0.3Ti0.1O2 (NMCT) synthesized via the combustion method. It was discovered that NMCT can effectively improve capacity delivery at high C rates. The T80 material demonstrated superior electrochemical annealed at 800 ˚C for 72 h, with an exceptional specific discharge capacity of 148.6 mAh g-1 and excellent cycle stability (capacity retention 96.8 %) after 30th cycles at 3 C. The results demonstrated that Ti-doped NMC had superior advantages for LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NMC 111) material at the optimum temperature of 800 °C for 72 h. It is one of the potential cathode materials for Li-ion batteries

Mechanism of the formation of novel Al2-xHfxO3 materials via a combustion synthesis method

In this paper, the synthesis mechanism of novel hafnium-doped alumina, Al2-xHfxO3 (x ?= ?0.001, 0.002 and 0.003) materials have been successfully formed via a self-propagating combustion (SPC) method. In-depth study of the materials through characterization by simultaneous thermogravimetric analysis (STA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) were systematically done. STA technique were used to characterize the thermal profile of the precursors. From the analysis, the synthesis mechanism of the materials was proposed. XRD results reveal that hafnium doped materials correspond to the hexagonal crystal structure of Al2O3 that shows a success of the substitutional doping. The FESEM micrographs shown that the morphology of the materials was not significantly affected by the dopant concentrations. However, the presence of Hf4+ ions in Al2O3 were confirmed where the synthesized stoichiometry of all materials were perfectly identical to the obtained stoichiometry from EDX