16 research outputs found

    ВлияниС ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ±ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ ΠΠ»ΡŒΡ†Π³Π΅ΠΉΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π°

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    The article provides an overview of our own results of comparative study of influence of ions of iron, zinc and aluminium on the structure of microtubules from tubulin and microtubules associated proteins of rat brain with data on the structure of microtubules from tubulin and microtubules associated proteins from the brain of patients with Alzheimerβ€²s disease (AD). A significant decrease in the amount of soluble tubulin was found in the postmortem brain of AD patients in comparison with the control group in the hippocampus, frontal cortex and substantia nigra, but not in the inferior olive. In vitro polymerization of tubulin and microtubules associated proteins from the brain of AD patients and electron micrographs of microtubules were obtained. The assembly of microtubules from brains of AD patients is disrupted, resulting in defective structures. On the other hand, the study of the influence of Al3+, Fe3+, Zn2+ on the microtubules from rat brains tubulin and microtubules associated proteins assembly and structure has shown that all studied metals are able to reduce the amount of microtubules and induce the assembly of anomal structures. According to the degree of the destructive effect on the microtubules and, accordingly, the possible significance in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease, metal ions can be arranged in the following sequence Al3+ > Zn2+ > Fe3+. Moreover, phosphorylation of tubulin and microtubules associated proteins in the presence of aluminum ions to the greatest extent reflects the phosphorylation of these proteins at AD. Comparison of data on the structure of microtubules after their assembly from brains of AD patients tubulin and microtubules associated proteins from brains of AD patients, and from the brain of rats, but in the presence of metal ions, confirm the conclusion about the possible role of the metals in the AD etiopathogenesis.ΠžΠ±ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π½Ρ‹ собствСнныС Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ исслСдования эффСктов ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π°, Ρ†ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ алюминия Π½Π° структуру ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ±ΠΎΡ‡Π΅ΠΊ Π² процСссС ΠΈΡ… сборки ΠΈΠ· Ρ‚ΡƒΠ±ΡƒΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ микротубуллоассоциированных Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π° крысы с Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ измСнСнию структуры ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ±ΠΎΡ‡Π΅ΠΊ Π² процСссС ΠΈΡ… сборки ΠΈΠ· Ρ‚ΡƒΠ±ΡƒΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ², ассоциированных с ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ±ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ (МАР ΠΎΡ‚ Π°Π½Π³Π». microtubules associated proteins), ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… болСзнью ΠΠ»ΡŒΡ†Π³Π΅ΠΉΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π° (БА). Π’ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… БА выявлСно Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ сниТСниС количСства растворимого Ρ‚ΡƒΠ±ΡƒΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°, ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ с ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠΎΠΉ, Π² Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΏΠ΅, Π»ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡ€Π΅ ΠΈ Ρ‡Ρ‘Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ субстанции, Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π² Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π΅. ΠžΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Ρ‹ условия, позволившиС Π²ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹Π΅ провСсти in vitro ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ Ρ‚ΡƒΠ±ΡƒΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ MAP ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… БА ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ элСктронныС ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π²ΡˆΠΈΡ…ΡΡ структур. Показано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ БА Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ процСсс сборки ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ±ΠΎΡ‡Π΅ΠΊ, Π² Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ Ρ‡Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π΄Π΅Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Π΅ структуры. Π‘ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΉ стороны, исслСдованиС влияния ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Al3+, Fe3+, Zn2+ Π½Π° сборку ΠΈ структуру ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ±ΠΎΡ‡Π΅ΠΊ ΠΈΠ· Ρ‚ΡƒΠ±ΡƒΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ MAP ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π° крысы ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ любой ΠΈΠ· исслСдованных Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² способСн ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ количСство ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ±ΠΎΡ‡Π΅ΠΊ ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… структур. По стСпСни Π΄Π΅Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ воздСйствия Π½Π° ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΡƒΠ±ΡƒΠ»ΡΡ€Π½ΡƒΡŽ систСму ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π° ΠΈ, соотвСтствСнно, Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ значимости Π² ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π΅ БА, ΠΈΠΎΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Ρ€Π°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π² ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Al3+ > Zn2+ > Fe3+. Π‘ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, спСктр фосфорилирования Ρ‚ΡƒΠ±ΡƒΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ MAP Π² присутствии ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² алюминия Π² наибольшСй стСпСни ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ фосфорилированиС этих Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ ΠΠ»ΡŒΡ†Π³Π΅ΠΉΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π°. БопоставлСниС Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎ Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ… структуры ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ±ΠΎΡ‡Π΅ΠΊ, Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡŽΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… сборкС ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Ρ‚ΡƒΠ±ΡƒΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ MAP ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… БА, ΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π° крыс, Π½ΠΎ Π² присутствии ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² Π² этиопатогСнСзС Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ ΠΠ»ΡŒΡ†Π³Π΅ΠΉΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π°

    Π‘ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ‚Π΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π² создании ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² для лСчСния Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ ΠΠ»ΡŒΡ†Π³Π΅ΠΉΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π° ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… клиничСскиС испытания

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    Intracellular and extracellular accumulation of fibrillary proteins, beta-amyloid and hyperphosphorylated Tau, in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) leads to chronic and progressive neurodegenerative process. Overaccumulation of aggregates results in synaptic dysfunction and inevitable neuronal loss. Although the exact molecular pathways of the AD still require better understanding, it is clear this neuropathology is a multifactorial disorder where the advanced age is the main risk factor. Lately, several dozens of drug candidates have succeeded to phase II clinical trials; however, none has passed phase III. In this review we summarize existing data on anti-AD therapeutic agents currently undergoing clinical trials and included in the public websites www.clinicaltrials.gov and Alzforum.org as well as the Thomson Reuters Β«IntegrityΒ» database. We revealed three major trends in AD drug discovery. First, developing of β€œdisease-modifying agents” could potentially slow the progression of structural and functional abnormalities in the central nervous system providing sustainable improvements of cognitive functions, which persist even after drug withdrawal. Secondly, the focused design of multitargeted drugs acting on multiple key molecular pathways. Finally, the repositioning of drugs that are already available on the market for the novel (anti-AD) application provides a promising strategy for finishing clinical trials and re-marketing.ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ ΠΠ»ΡŒΡ†Π³Π΅ΠΉΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π° (БА) происходит Π²Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ фибриллярных Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²: Π±Π΅Ρ‚Π°-Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΈ гипСрфосфорилированного Ρ‚Π°Ρƒ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ приводят ΠΊ хроничСскому ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΌΡƒ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ процСссу Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π΅. НакоплСниС ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²Ρ‹Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ Π΄ΠΈΡΡ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡƒΡŽ гибСль Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ². Π”ΠΎ сих ΠΏΠΎΡ€ молСкулярныС ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ‹ БА ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ установлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ БА являСтся ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ расстройством, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ этом ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ возраст являСтся основным Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ риска. Π—Π° послСднСС дСсятилСтиС Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 50 лСкарствСнных ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΄ΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΡƒΡΠΏΠ΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠ»ΠΈ клиничСскиС исслСдования II Ρ„Π°Π·Ρ‹, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ этом Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ… Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π» исслСдования Ρ„Π°Π·Ρ‹ III. Π‘ использованиСм общСдоступного ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π΅Ρ‚-рСсурса www.clinicaltrials.gov ΠΈ Alzforum.org, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π±Π°Π·Ρ‹ Thomson Reuters β€œIntegrity” Π² ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€Π΅ суммированы Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² для лСчСния Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ ΠΠ»ΡŒΡ†Π³Π΅ΠΉΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π°, находящихся Π² настоящСС врСмя Π½Π° клиничСских исслСдованиях. Π’Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ основныС Ρ‚Π΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ: (1) Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ° соСдинСний, Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π½Π° основныС стадии ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ (Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ Π½Π°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Π΅ β€œΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡŒ-ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅β€ срСдства) – ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ структурных ΠΈ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΉ Π² Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅Ρ€Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ систСмС, обСспСчивая устойчивоС ΡƒΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠΎΡ…Ρ€Π°Π½ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ…ΡΡ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ послС ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π°; (2) цСлСнаправлСнная Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ€Π³Π΅Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… лСкарств, Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π½Π° нСсколько молСкулярных мишСнСй, Π²ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π² ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π· Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ; (3) Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ извСстных Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π΅ лСкарств Π½Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ (Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈ-Π°Π»ΡŒΡ†Π³Π΅ΠΉΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅) ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π΅ собой ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ пСрспСктивный ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄

    ΠœΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ваТная мишСнь ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ поискС Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² для лСчСния Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ ΠΠ»ΡŒΡ†Π³Π΅ΠΉΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π° ΠΈ старчСских Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ

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    The review and summarizes own and literature data about the role of mitochondria as the important target in the search for drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Aging is a major risk factor for sporadic forms of various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimerβ€²s disease. One of the most argued and currently accepted theories is the Mitochondrial Free Radical Theory of Aging. Mitochondrial hypotheses of the development of sporadic forms of neurodegenerative diseases particularly Alzheimerβ€²s disease, are closely connected with it. Impairments of mitochondrial functions lead to a decrease in their ability to regulate calcium homeostasis in the cell and to a decrease in the threshold for the induction of mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pores. MPT inhibitors can be considered as a promising approach to the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, since these drugs can not only exhibit the properties of neuroprotectors, but also can provide normalization of synaptic activity due to increased calcium capacity of mitochondria. The review presents data on the number of MPT inhibitors, including endogenous compounds melatonin and N-acetylserotonin, their bioisosteric analogue Dimebon and a number of other compounds. The use of mitochondria as a basis for the formation of screening strategy for the search for compounds for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases is of particular interest – both as a test of their potential toxicity, and as a basis for the creation of metabolic stimulants and drugs with neuroprotective and cognitive-stimulating effect.ΠžΠ±ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π½Ρ‹ собствСнныС ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅, ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ ΠΌΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ваТнСйшСй мишСни ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ поискС ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² для лСчСния Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π‘Ρ‚Π°Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ являСтся основным Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ риска спорадичСских Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ числС ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ ΠΠ»ΡŒΡ†Π³Π΅ΠΉΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π° (БА). Одной ΠΈΠ· Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π°Ρ€Π³ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ принятых Π² настоящСС врСмя являСтся ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ тСория старСния. ИмСнно с Π½Π΅ΠΉ тСсно связаны ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π·Ρ‹ развития спорадичСских Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ, Π² частности, БА. ΠΠ°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΊ сниТСнию ΠΈΡ… способности Ρ€Π΅Π³ΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ гомСостаз ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΡ†ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ сниТСнию ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π° для ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡƒΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ ΠΌΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ проницаСмости (МРВ). Π˜Π½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ МРВ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ пСрспСктивный ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ эти ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡ‚ΡŒ свойства Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ€ΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ синаптичСской активности благодаря ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΡ†ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ёмкости ΠΌΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ. Π’ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€Π΅ прСдставлСны Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΎ рядС ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² МРВ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Ρ эндогСнныС соСдинСния – ΠΌΠ΅Π»Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ½, N-ацСтилсСротонин, ΠΈΡ… биоизостСрный Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ½ ΠΈ ряд Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… соСдинСний. ИспользованиС ΠΌΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ основы для формирования скрининговой стратСгии поиска соСдинСний для лСчСния Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ прСдставляСт особый интСрСс ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ тСстированиС ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ токсичности, ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ основа для создания мСтаболичСских стимуляторов ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ€ΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΡΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ дСйствиСм

    Gamma-carbolines derivatives as promising agents for the development of pathogenic therapy for proteinopathy

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    Uncontrolled protein aggregation, accompanied by the formation of specific inclusions, is a major component of the pathogenesis of many common neurodegenerative diseases known as proteinopathies. The intermediate products of this aggregation are toxic to neurons and may be lethal. The development strategy of pathogenic therapy for proteinopathy is based on the design of drugs capable of both inhibiting proteinopathy progression and increasing the survival of affected neurons. The results of a decade-long research effort at leading Russian and international laboratories have demonstrated that Dimebon (Latrepirdine), as well as a number of its derivatives from a gamma-carboline group, show a strong neuroprotective effect and can modulate the course of a neurodegenerative process in both in vitro and in vivo model systems. The accumulated data indicate that gamma-carbolines are promising compounds for the development of pathogenic therapy for proteinopathies

    Gamma-carbolines derivatives as promising agents for the development of pathogenic therapy for proteinopathy

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    Uncontrolled protein aggregation, accompanied by the formation of specific inclusions, is a major component of the pathogenesis of many common neurodegenerative diseases known as proteinopathies. The intermediate products of this aggregation are toxic to neurons and may be lethal. The development strategy of pathogenic therapy for proteinopathy is based on the design of drugs capable of both inhibiting proteinopathy progression and increasing the survival of affected neurons. The results of a decade-long research effort at leading Russian and international laboratories have demonstrated that Dimebon (Latrepirdine), as well as a number of its derivatives from a gamma-carboline group, show a strong neuroprotective effect and can modulate the course of a neurodegenerative process in both in vitro and in vivo model systems. The accumulated data indicate that gamma-carbolines are promising compounds for the development of pathogenic therapy for proteinopathies

    [Proteinopathies--forms of neurodegenerative disorders with protein aggregation-based pathology]

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    A number of neurodegenerative disorders have recently been coalesced into a group of proteinopathies because of the similarity of molecular mechanisms underlying their pathogenesis. A key step in the development of proteinopathies is a structural change that triggers aggregation of proteins, which are intrinsically prone to form aggregates due to their physical and chemical properties. Present review is devoted to the recent progress in the field of proteinopathies with specific focus on properties of aggregate-prone proteins, main stages of the development of molecular pathology and the role of cellular clearance systems in progression of neurodegeneration. Recent modifications in the nomenclature of neurodegenerative diseases will also be addressed
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