Cartographie de l’érosion hydrique en zone montagneuse : cas du bassin versant des Aït Bou Goumez, Haut Atlas, Maroc

Ce travail présente la cartographie de l’érosion hydrique en zones montagneuses (Haute Atlas, Maroc) en se basant sur trois facteurs principaux : la friabilité du substratum rocheux, le degré de pente et la densité du couvert végétal. La carte du potentiel érosif est obtenue par la somme d’indices attribués aux couches thématiques (la friabilité du substratum rocheux, le degré de la pente et la densité du couvert végétal) multipliés par le pourcentage de contribution de chaque facteur. Dans un environnement de SIG, les pourcentages de contribution ont été obtenus par itération en se référant à la réalité de terrain. Les pourcentages 50%, 30% et 20% retenus correspondent respectivement à la friabilité du substratum, le degré de la pente et la densité du couvert végétal. Ce travail peut être utilisé pour cartographier le potentiel érosif dans d’autres bassins versant du Haut Atlas central qui présentent des faciès géologiques, une topographie et un couvert végétal similaires à la zone des Aït Bou Goumez.El objetivo de este trabajo es la realizacion de la cartografía de erosión hídrica en zonas montañosas (Alto Atlas, Marruecos), basándose sobre tres principales factores: la friabilidad del sustrato litológico, el buzamiento y la densidad de la coberteza vegetal. El mapa del potencial erosivo se obtiene por la suma de índices relativos a las capas temáticas (la friabilidad del sustrato litológico, el buzamiento y la densidad de la coberteza vegeta) multiplicado por los porcentajes de contribución de cada factor. Estos porcentajes se han obtenido por iteración refériéndose a la realidad del terreno. Los porcentajes 50%, 30% y 20% retenidos corresponden respectivamente a la friabilidad del sustrato litológico, el buzamiento y la densidad de la coberteza vegetal. Este trabajo puede ser utilizado para cartografiar el potencial erosivo en otras cuencas de drenaje del Alto Atlas central que presentan facies geológicas, topografía y coberteza vegetal similares a la zona de Aït Bou Goumez

Relation of the Mediterranean diet with the incidence of gestational diabetes

Background/objectives: Some studies document relationships of the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with individual components of the diet, but studies exploring relationships with patterns of eating are lacking. This observational study aimed to explore a possible relationship between the incidence of GDM and the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) pattern of eating. Subjects/methods: In 10 Mediterranean countries, 1076 consecutive pregnant women underwent a 75-g OGTT at the 24th-32nd week of gestation, interpreted both by the ADA-2010 and the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG)-2012 criteria. The dietary habits were assessed by a previously validated questionnaire and a Mediterranean Diet Index (MDI) was computed, reflecting the degree of adherence to the MedDiet pattern of eating: a higher MDI denoting better adherence. Results: After adjustment for age, BMI, diabetes in the family, weight gain and energy intake, subjects with GDM, by either criterion, had lower MDI (ADA-2010, 5. 8 vs 6. 3, P=0. 028; IADPSG-2012, 5. 9 vs 6. 4, P<0. 001). Moreover, the incidence of GDM was lower in subjects with better adherence to the MedDiet (higher tertile of MDI distribution), 8. 0% vs 12. 3%, OR=0. 618, P=0. 030 by ADA-2010 and 24. 3% vs 32. 8%, OR=0. 655, P=0. 004 by IADPSG-2012 criteria. In subjects without GDM, MDI was negatively correlated with both fasting plasma glucose and AUC glucose, P<0. 001 for both. Conclusions: Adherence to a MedDiet pattern of eating is associated with lower incidence of GDM and better degree of glucose tolerance, even in women without GDM. The possibility to use MedDiet for the prevention of GDM deserves further testing with intervention studies. © 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved

Relation of the Mediterranean diet with the incidence of gestational diabetes.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Some studies document relationships of the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with individual components of the diet, but studies exploring relationships with patterns of eating are lacking. This observational study aimed to explore a possible relationship between the incidence of GDM and the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) pattern of eating. SUBJECTS/METHODS: In 10 Mediterranean countries, 1076 consecutive pregnant women underwent a 75-g OGTT at the 24th-32nd week of gestation, interpreted both by the ADA_2010 and the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG)_2012 criteria. The dietary habits were assessed by a previously validated questionnaire and a Mediterranean Diet Index (MDI) was computed, reflecting the degree of adherence to the MedDiet pattern of eating: a higher MDI denoting better adherence. RESULTS: After adjustment for age, BMI, diabetes in the family, weight gain and energy intake, subjects with GDM, by either criterion, had lower MDI (ADA_2010, 5.8 vs 6.3, P=0.028; IADPSG_2012, 5.9 vs 6.4, P<0.001). Moreover, the incidence of GDM was lower in subjects with better adherence to the MedDiet (higher tertile of MDI distribution), 8.0% vs 12.3%, OR=0.618, P=0.030 by ADA_2010 and 24.3% vs 32.8%, OR=0.655, P=0.004 by IADPSG_2012 criteria. In subjects without GDM, MDI was negatively correlated with both fasting plasma glucose and AUC glucose, P<0.001 for both. CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to a MedDiet pattern of eating is associated with lower incidence of GDM and better degree of glucose tolerance, even in women without GDM. The possibility to use MedDiet for the prevention of GDM deserves further testing with intervention studies