A prospective study on computed tomography guided fine needle aspiration cytology of peripheral lung lesions

Introduction: Percutaneous fine needle aspiration cytology (FnAC) of the lung is generally indicated for the diagnosis of pulmonary lesions. There are many hazards associated with performing thoracotomy for lung lesions. FnAC has become a diagnostic tool to assess the nature of radiographically demonstrable lung lesions. The general acceptance of FnA has been low but the appreciation of this method for lung lesions has been rapid due to the difficulty in otherwise diagnosing small peripheral lung lesions. Fear of neoplastic implantation in the needle track may have initially inhibited its use but have proven groundless. Materials and Methods: A total of 80 cases were included in the study. The study period was from January 2020 to December 2020. All patients presented with respiratory symptoms with a localized lung lesion clinically, which was confirmed radiologically. Patients were placed in the supine, prone, right lateral or left lateral position depending on the location of the lesion so that the lesion was nearest to the aspirator. Results: The diagnostic accuracy was 95% considering cytological criteria as the standard. The most common age group affected was 41–70 years (67.5%). However age groups in both extremes of life were affected less. The youngest patient was 20 years old whereas the oldest was 78 years old. Of the forty patients, twenty-seven were males and thirteen were females. A male preponderance was therefore noted in this study with a M:F ratio of 2.081. Table I shows the distribution of the cases. The predominant lesion found in this study was malignancy in twenty-four cases (60%), followed by an inflammatory lesion in twelve cases (30%). One case each was reported as suspicious of malignancy (2.5%) and as a granulomatous lesion (2.5%). Conclusion: Percutaneous, transthoracic FnAC is a relatively simple procedure with good patient acceptance and low morbidity. It is an accurate, safe and repeatable procedure in the diagnosis of difficult lung lesions. Ct scan has enabled the visualization of previously inaccessible tumors, which can now be guided by this procedure, leading to a greater yield of cytological material and a significantly greater predictability of true positive cases in malignant lesions. FnAC should be used earlier and more frequently to shorten the diagnostic interval and allow more prompt therapy for persistent lung lesions

A cross sectional study of expression of CK-19 in papillary thyroid carcinoma and its association with prognostic factors

Introduction: Thyroid malignancies are the most common endocrine malignancy. The most common malignancy in thyroid is papillary thyroid carcinoma. About 80% of all thyroid cancers are papillary carcinoma thyroid. Papillary carcinoma typically arises as an irregular, solid or cystic mass that comes from otherwise normal thyroid tissue. Papillary carcinoma has a high cure rate with 10-year survival rates for all patients with papillary carcinoma thyroid estimated at 80% to 90%. Materials and Methods: The study was undertaken in the Department of Pathology, Jangaon district hospital, Jangaon. The study was conducted from January 2020 to December 2020. A total of 46 cases including 29 cases of papillary carcinoma thyroid, 17 cases of papillary hyperplasia. Papillary carcinoma and its variants, Beningn lesions with papillary hyperplasia was included. Other malignancy including follicular carcinoma, medullary carcinoma without papillary areas, Benign lesions without papillary hyperplasia were excluded from the study. Results: In this study most of the papillary carcinoma of thyroid occur in the age group between 20-50 years. Most of the cases were diagnosed mostly 3 rd to 5th decades. In males, out of 29 cases 5 cases were males, mostly occur above 40 years. The mean age group is 43.9 years. In this study most of the papillary lesions arises from solitary nodular swelling, in our study out of 29 cases of papillary carcinoma 19 cases arises from solitary nodular swelling,5 cases from multinodular swelling , 5 cases from diffuse thyroid lesion. Conclusion: In our study most of all papillary carcinoma and its variants shows diffuse and strong positivity against anti ck 19 antibody. Papillary hyperplasia shows negative stain except 2 cases. We conclude diffuse and strong positivity confirms that the diagnosis of papillary carcinoma thyroid. Negative stain indicates it is a benign lesion. Cytokeratin 19 is a useful marker to differntiate papillary carcinoma from other benign lesions shows papillary hyperplasia

Synthesis Of Benzo[D]Imidazo[2,1-B]Thiazole-Propenone Conjugates As Cytotoxic And Apoptotic Inducing Agents

Background: Cancer can be considered as a disease in which normal cells start behaving badly, multiplying uncontrollably, ignoring signals to stop and accumulating to form a mass that is generally termed as a tumor. Apoptosis or programmed cell death is a physiological process that enables organisms to control their cell numbers in many developmental and physiological settings and to eliminate unwanted cells and it plays essential role in chemotherapy-induced tumor-cell killing. The correct balance between apoptosis and inhibition of apoptosis is important in animal development as well as in tissue homeostasis. The aim of this paper is to introduce the readers about the design strategy and synthesis of effective cytotoxic and apoptotic inducing agents based on benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole scaffold. Methods: Benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-propenone conjugates were synthesized by the condensation of 7-methoxy-2-(aryl)benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-3-yl)prop-2-yn-l-ones with aryl/hetero aryl amines in ethanol at room temperature. These in turn were obtained from 7-methoxy-2-(aryl)benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-3-carbaldehydes on treatment with ethynylmagnesium bromide followed by oxidation. Results: 3-Arylaminopropenone linked 2-arylbenzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole conjugates prepared in this investigation exhibited significant cytotoxic activity and arrested HeLa cancer cells in G(1) phase. The treatment of the conjugate led to 40% of loss of mitochondria' membrane potential (D Psi m) in HeLa cells and 4 fold increase in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, it induces apoptosis in HeLa cells, this was examined by the wound healing assay, Actin filaments and Hoechst staining assay. Conclusion: The encouraging biological profile exhibited by these 3-arylaminopropenone 2-aryl linked benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole conjugates demonstrate that they have the potential to be developed as a lead by further structural modifications to obtain potential chemo