An example of health training for pregnant women

With the expansion of the  knowledge about the physiology of pregnancy is changing the recommendation for safe management during its duration. More and more often talk about the need for physical activity due to maintaining or even increasing cardiopulmonary capacity, muscle strength, range of joint mobility, especially the hip and spine. And the right conduct and selection of exercises not only guarantees the development of the child, but also prepares the future mother for active participation in childbirth. Regular gymnastics and properly selected exercises, as part of pregnancy care with a physiological, uncomplicated course, are widely recognized. It is important that such awareness also have women expecting a child, while gaining additional motivation to exercise. In this article, we have tried to present and justify the valuable effect of the mentioned gymnastic exercises, which a pregnant woman can do without medical contraindications

Proceedings of an emergency medical team (paramedics) with a patient in anaphylaxis

Introduction: Anaphylactic shock is an acute allergic body reaction to allergens. This condition threatens the patient's life and health. Anaphylaxis can be caused by intolerance to many nutrients, medications or hymenoptera stings.Aim of the manuscript: The aim of the manuscript was to determine the pattern of proceedings of emergency medical teams with patients in anaphylactic shock.Material and methods: The individual case method of a patient stung by a Hymenoptera insect, for whom a medical rescue team was dispatched, was used. The research material was obtained thanks to the analysis of medical rescue operations and dispatch orders.Results: The analysis of medical records of the injured person depicted an appropriate algorithm of proceedings with a patient in anaphylactic shock. In anaphylaxis, it is important to gather information as soon as possible, make an accurate and prompt diagnosis, and provide immediate pharmacotherapy. In this case, the first-line drug is Adrenaline, which prevents the release of histamine and reverses the effects of shock. Further treatment requires oxygen, fluids and second-line pharmacotherapy. Conclusions: The emergency medical team followed the applicable algorithms and current knowledge. It implemented appropriate medical rescue operations, thanks to which the condition of the injured was stabilized. The first step is to stop the exposure to the allergen

The level of platelets in patients operated for a fracture of the neck of the femur

Admission. Treatment of hip fractures is one of the most serious challenges for musculoskeletal traumatology, as these fractures occur mainly in the elderly. Despite the fact that modern traumatology has reached a high level, femoral neck fractures are still a very big problem among societies.            The purpose of the study was an assessment of the level of platelets in patients treated with surgery for a fracture of the neck of the femur.            Material and method. The research was conducted in December 2019 in one of the trauma and orthopedic wards in Upper Silesia. The study included 35 patients aged 48-78 years treated surgically due to a hip fracture. All obtained data on patients come from medical records.            Results. The analysis showed that 8 of the 35 patients included in the study had a decrease in the level of platelets 24 hours after the surgical treatment of a hip fracture. One week after the surgery, the level of platelets was normal.            Conclusions. A relationship has been demonstrated between the level of platelets and surgical treatment of a fracture of the femoral neck. A significant drop in platelets was noticed in 23% of the subjects 24 hours after the surgery and their normal value was reached a week later. The problem requires further observation and research

Analysis of Occurrence of Elements in Tissues of the Knee Joint

The mineral structure of bones is never static, it is a living structure, reacting and adapting to load and having the ability to remodel. Skeletal cells work continuously to maintain the remodelling process therefore they are in a constant state of dynamic balance both in the sense of composition and structure, and they react to external mechanical forces. The remodelling processes that occur in the bone tissue allow for a proper functioning of this tissue, as well as for inclusion of additional elements, toxic ones included, in the remodelled bone, and they affect the metabolic processes occurring therein. This may result in disturbances in the osteoarticular system, manifested by changes in the bone tissue and within other organs. The influence of tobacco smoking on the content of strontium, lead, calcium, phosphorus, sodium and magnesium has not been confirmed. Non-smokers showed a high iron content in knee joint tissues compared to smokers. There were no statistically significant differences in the content of cadmium, nickel, copper and zinc in women and men in the studied knee joint components. With age, an increase in the content of chromium in knee joint tissues was observed, while gender, place of residence and occupational exposure had no effect

Impact of Time to Initiation of Treatment on the Quality of Life of Women with Breast Cancer

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. Due to the large number of women living with breast cancer and the increasing incidence of this cancer, it is very important to understand the factors determining the quality of life (QOL) of patients. The aim of the study. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of time to initiation of treatment on the quality of life of women with breast cancer. Materials and methods. The study involved 324 women with breast cancer, treated at the Podkarpackie Oncology Centre in Brzozów, Poland. The study was conducted using a diagnostic survey, using a standardised questionnaire to measure the quality of life of women treated for breast cancer, i.e., the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC) QLQ-C30 and the QLQ-BR23 module, as well as a proprietary survey questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica 10.0 software (StatSoft Inc., 2011). A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The examined women had a reduced overall quality of life and health (M = 53.88). The quality of life was higher in women who consulted a doctor the earliest after noticing initial symptoms of the disease, i.e., up to one week (M = 57.58), compared to patients who delayed the decision (over four weeks; M = 47.8) (p = 0.002). The quality of life was also considered higher by women who received treatment within two weeks of diagnosis (M = 56.79) and was lower for patients who waited for treatment for more than two months (M = 43.68). Statistically significant relationships were demonstrated for functional scales and disease intensity. Conclusions: Women diagnosed with breast cancer had a considerably lower overall quality of life. A relatively higher quality of life was experienced by patients who consulted a doctor the earliest after discovering symptoms of the disease and those whose waiting time for treatment was shorter. In a systematic manner, the individual stages of diagnosis should be maximally reduced and breast cancer treatment initiated without delay

Surgical method of treatment and level of satisfaction with life among women diagnosed with breast cancer, according to time elapsed since performance of surgery

Introduction In women diagnosed with breast cancer one of the methods most commonly applied in therapy is surgical treatment, which consists in a breast conserving surgery or total removal of the breast. The applied type of surgical treatment may exert an effect on the satisfaction with life of the women. Objective The aim of the study was evaluation of the satisfaction with life among women surgically treated for breast cancer, according to the type of surgery on the breast, and the time elapsed since its performance. Material and methods The study included 121 patients of the Sub-Carpathian Oncology Centre in Brzozów, south-east Poland, who had undergone surgical treatment due to breast cancer. The women expressed their informed consent to participate in the study. The method of a diagnostic survey was applied. Results The women obtained a mediocre result in satisfaction with life – 5.64 sten scores. Patients who had undergone mastectomy had a considerably lower level of satisfaction with life, compared to those after breast-conserving surgery (4.73 sten scores vs. 6.30 sten scores). Evaluations of the satisfaction with life in the examined group significantly differed according to the time elapsed since performance of surgery. Conclusions There is a need for undertaking actions directed to women who have undergone surgical treatment for breast cancer within the period from 2–5 years, aimed at improving the satisfaction with life in this group of patients. In addition, special support should be provided for women who have undergone mastectomy, especially during the period of more than 1 and up to 2 years

Physiotherapeutic recommendations for patients with cystic fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis is a genetically determined disease. The development of medicine has resulted in an improvement and prolongation of life. Numerous scientific studies support the thesis that maintaining physical performance is a key element of complex treatment. The basis of treatment should be: parallel pharmacological treatment and physiotherapeutic. The aim of this work was to present the physiotherapeutic techniques used in this disease. The main methods of physiotherapeutic treatment include positional drainage, forced exhalation technique, active breathing cycle technique, autogenous drainage, variable bronchial pressure technique and increased respiratory pressure technique. Physiotherapy of the respiratory system is of major importance, the main aim of which is to prevent the deterioration of the already existing respiratory failure. Each of the presented methods of physiotherapy was created thanks to constant search for the perfect technique to cleanse the bronchial tree. This disease has a different clinical course and each technique should be adapted to the individual needs of the patient and the basis of effective therapy is systematic, daily cleansing of the bronchial mucus from the bronchial tree. Physiotherapy applied earlyIn the thoracic region, it is the treatment of choice for patients with cystic fibrosis, improves the quality of life and prolongs the patient's age. Conclusions:1. There is no effective, causal treatment for cystic fibrosis, and drug treatment comes down to treating complications and often has side effects.2. Comprehensive physiotherapy is the golden mean in the treatment of cystic fibrosis and significantly prolongs the life of patients.3. The effectiveness of physiotherapy depends on the time of commencement, regularity and personalization of treatments. </p

Zespół bólowy kręgosłupa u pielęgniarek w podkarpackich szpitalach

INTRODUCTION: Back pain syndromes constitute a serious health problem. They most often affect people between 40 and 60 years of age, but it also happens that they appear before the age of 30. They are a frequent problem in nurses. The etiology of these ailments is multifactorial. The main causes are physical stresses on the spine: lifting, a forced posture, and obesity. Human neurophysiological predispositions and social conditions also play an important role. The study attempts to determine whether the respondents know the cause of their ailments, and what the prevention of this disease, knowledge of the principles of ergonomics and pro-health measures should be. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this work, the frequency of back pain syndromes in nurses in two hospitals in the Podkarpackie region was observed. The author’s own questionnaire and anthropometric research were used. RESULTS: Pain occurred in 89% of the respondents, and the main causes of these ailments were physical stress, overweight and low physical activity. The respondents knew the principles of ergonomics, but did not use them at work, and the length of service was not statistically significant. The lack of training and appropriate equipment was noted. Stress factors had an effect on back pain only in 13% of the respondents. CONCLUSIONS: Back pain occurs in 90% of the surveyed nurses in hospitals in the Podkarpackie region and has the features of an occupational disease. The respondents know the principles of ergonomics and express their willingness to deepen their knowledge on this subject. This knowledge should be supplemented with the basic understanding of active physiotherapy and neurophysiology due to the role of psychological factors in the treatment of chronic pain.WSTĘP: Zespoły bólowe kręgosłupa są ogromnym problemem zdrowotnym. Dotyczą najczęściej osób pomiędzy 40 i 60 rokiem życia, ale zdarza się, że występują jeszcze przed 30 rokiem życia. U pielęgniarek są powszechnym zjawiskiem. Etiologia tych dolegliwości jest wieloczynnikowa. Zasadniczą przyczyną są obciążenia fizyczne kręgosłupa: dźwiganie, wymuszona postawa ciała oraz nadwaga. Istotną rolę odgrywają też predyspozycje neurofizjologiczne człowieka i uwarunkowania społeczne. W pracy podjęto próbę ustalenia, czy osoby badane znają przyczynę swoich dolegliwości, wiedzą, jaka powinna być profilaktyka tego schorzenia, znają zasady ergonomii oraz działania prozdrowotne w tym zakresie. MATERIAŁ I METODY: W pracy określono częstość występowania zespołów bólowych kręgosłupa u pielęgniarek w dwóch szpitalach na Podkarpaciu. Posłużono się autorską ankietą i badaniami antropometrycznymi. WYNIKI: Ból występował u 89% badanych, a zasadniczą przyczyną dolegliwości były obciążenia fizyczne, nadwaga i niska aktywność fizyczna. Osoby badane znały zasady ergonomii, ale nie wykorzystywały ich w pracy, a staż nie miał tu statystycznie istotnego znaczenia. Odnotowano brak szkoleń i odpowiedniego sprzętu. Jedynie u 13% badanych czynniki stresowe miały wpływ na dolegliwości bólowe kręgosłupa. WNIOSKI: Ból pleców występuje u 90% badanych w szpitalach na Podkarpaciu i ma cechy choroby zawodowej. Respondenci znają zasady ergonomii i wyrażają chęć pogłębienia swojej wiedzy na ten temat. Wiedzę tę należy uzupełnić o podstawowe wiadomości z zakresu aktywnej fizjoterapii i neurofizjologii ze względu na rolę czynników psychologicznych w leczeniu przewlekłego bólu

Evaluation of endurance of children qualified for crosscountry skiing class on the background of a control group, based on selected motor tests

Wstęp. Wytrzymałość jest to odporność organizmu na zmęczenie wywołane wysiłkiem fizycznym. Wyraża się zdolnością do wykonywania możliwie dużej pracy i kontynuowania jej przez długi czas (ponad 60 sekund). Wartości poziomu wydolności u dziewcząt i chłopców do okresu pokwitania nie różnią się. Największe tempo przyrostu wytrzymałości u chłopców przypada pomiędzy 6.–10. rokiem życia. Spośród dziesięciolatków większa wytrzymałość cechuje dziewczynki. Chłopcy charakteryzują się natomiast większą wytrzymałością od 12. roku życia. Cel badań. Celem pracy jest ocena poziomu rozwoju wytrzymałości dziewcząt i chłopców w wieku 9–10 lat uczęszczających do Szkoły im. Ferdynanda Mareckiego w Supraślu. Metodyka. Badaniami objęto dzieci kończące trzecią klasę Szkoły Podstawowej z Zespołu Szkół Sportowych w Supraślu i okolicznej Szkoły Podstawowej w Ogrodniczkach. Łącznie przebadano 470 dzieci w wieku 9–10 lat w latach 2003–2013. Do oceny wytrzymałości posłużono się testem: bieg na dystansie 500 m, który jest zgodny z wytycznymi Szkolnego Związku Sportowego (1981). Wyniki. Chłopcy uzyskiwali nieznacznie lepsze wyniki w biegu na 500 m niż dziewczęta. Jedynie w roku 2012 to dziewczynki okazały się lepszymi biegaczkami niż ich koledzy. We wszystkich badanych rocznikach zarówno chłopcy, jak i dziewczęta przydzieleni do klas o profilu narciarstwo biegowe osiągali lepsze rezultaty w biegu na 500 m w porównaniu z ich rówieśnikami kontynuującymi swą edukację w klasie niebędącej sportową. Najlepszy średni czas biegu na 500 m w obu rówieśniczych grupach płci odnotowano w 2003 roku. Najdłużej ten dystans pokonywano w 2011 roku. Wnioski. Zrealizowane badania potwierdziły większą wytrzymałość chłopców na wysiłek fizyczny w stosunku do dziewcząt. Dzieci uczęszczające do klas o profilu narciarstwa biegowego charakteryzuje większa wytrzymałość fizyczna w stosunku do uczniów klas niesportowych.Introduction. Endurance means to be insensitive to tiredness caused by physical effort. This is the ability to put a great effort and to continue it for a long time (above 60 seconds). The outcome of efficiency level is similar among girls and boys untill puberty. The highest rate of growth in endurance among boys is between the ages 6–10 years; however, girls aged 10 have greater endurance than the boys, while boys aged 12 and more are physically stronger. Objective. The aim of the study is evaluation of endurance in girls and boys aged 9–10 years attending the Ferdynand Marecki School in Supraśl. Methodology. The study included children who completed grade 3 Primary School from the Sports School Complex in Supraśl and nearby Primary School in Ogrodniczki. During the period 2003–2013, a total number of 470 children aged 9–10 were examined. Their endurance was evaluated using the race test at the distance of 500 meters, in accordance with the guidelines by the School Sports Association (1981). Results. The boys achieved slightly better results in running at the distance of 500 meters than the girls. Only in 2012 the girls proved to be better runners than their male colleagues. Both the girls and boys attending the cross-country skiing class achieved much better results at the distance of 500 meters than their contemporaries who continued education in a class with a profile other than sports. The shortest mean time of the race among both girls and boys was noted in 2003. However, the longest time for covering this distance was in 2011. Conclusions. The study confirmed higher endurance to physical effort among boys than girls. Children attending the crosscountry skiing class proved to be physically stronger than the students attending classes of other profiles

Morphological and motor skills condition among 10-11 year old children engaged in cross-country skiing attending Sports Primary School in Suprasl

            Introduction. Cross-country skiing is a sport discipline with different applications in the modern world. It is used in recreation, rehabilitation, tourism and sport as a phycical movement.             Objective of the work. The aim of the study was to estimate physical fitness of children aged 10 - 11 years attending sports classes (cross-country skiing profile) with the results of the efficiency grade among students attending unsportsmanlike classes in Sports Primary School in Suprasl.            Material and methods. The study involved 50 children attending the Sports School in Suprasl -  class 4 students.  Each student was supposed to take part in the International Physical Fitness Test. There were the following attempts: 50 metres run, long jump, sitting position from lying down during 30 seconds, the trunkbend in front and 600 metres run. The results of completed studies are presented in tables and figures below.            Results. The analysis show that girls practising cross-country skiing are characterized by higher efficiency motor skill compared to their peers, as well as it is easier for them to acquire new motor skills than for boys of their class. For boys the differences that occurred between sports and unsportsmanlike classes  was insignificant. Perhaps, it may change in future.            Conclusions. Children attending sports classes (cross country-skiing profile) have better motor abilities and acquire new motor skills faster than pupils in unsportsmanlike classes.</p