Comparison of intrathecal magnesium and fentanyl as adjuvants to hyperbaric bupivacaine in preeclamptic parturients undergoing elective cesarean sections

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the onset, duration of sensory and motor block, hemodynamic effects (if any), duration and quality of postoperative analgesia, and adverse effects of magnesium or fentanyl given intrathecally with hyperbaric 0.5% bupivacaine in patients with mild preeclampsia undergoing elective caesarean sections. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 women with mild preeclampsia undergoing elective cesarean section were included in a prospective, double-blind, controlled trial. Patients were randomly assigned to receive spinal anesthesia with 2 mL 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine with 12.5 μg fentanyl (Group F) or 0.1 mL of 50% magnesium sulfate (50 mg) (Group M) with 0.15 ml preservative free distilled water. Onset, duration and recovery of sensory and motor block, time to maximum sensory block, duration of spinal anesthesia and postoperative analgesia requirements were studied. Statistical comparison was carried out using the Chi-square or Fisher′s exact tests and independent Student′s t-test where appropriate. Results: The onset of both sensory and motor block was slower in the magnesium group. The duration of spinal anesthesia (246 min ± 11 min vs. 284 min ± 15 min; P < 0.001) and motor block (186.3 ± 12 min vs. 210 ± 10 min; P < 0.001) were significantly longer in the magnesium group. Total analgesic dose requirement was less in Group M. Hemodynamic parameters were comparable in the two groups. Intrathecal magnesium caused minimal side effects. Conclusions: The addition of magnesium sulfate 50 mg to bupivacaine for sub-arachnoid block in patients with mild preeclampsia undergoing elective cesarean section prolongs the duration of analgesia and reduces postoperative analgesic requirements without additional side effects and adverse neonatal outcome

Tolerance to combined boron and salt stress in wheat varieties: Biochemical and molecular analyses

321-328Plants’ tolerance to stresses, particularly abiotic, is an important area of research, particularly in agriculture. Here, we studied the combined effect of excess boron (B) and salinity on three wheat varieties viz., KRL 35, KRL 210 and HD 2009. Root samples were collected 20 days after imposing different treatments, namely Control, 50 and 100 ppm B + 60 mM NaCl, respectively; and 50 and 100 ppm B + 100 mM NaCl, respectively in a hydroponic system. Results indicated that length, fresh and dry weight of root and shoot consistently decreased with increasing concentration of B and salt in the nutrient medium. These changes were accompanied by significant reductions in soluble sugars and proteins in roots, whereas proline content increased. The KRL 35 (salt tolerant variety) showed 5 specific polypeptides of 89.13, 53.4, 46.21, 32.35 and 31.10 kDa. Likewise, KRL 210 (moderately salt tolerant) showed de novo synthesis of 53.4 and 19.13 kDa, whereas three specific polypeptides (24.05, 19.13 and 17.52 kDa) appeared in HD 2009 (salt sensitive). Synthesis of the common polypeptide 25.12 kDa was observed with increase in stress treatments in all three varieties. Enhanced expression of 25.12 kDa proteins, particularly in the sensitive variety induced protein synthesis under excess boron and salt stress conditions. Thus, altered and enhanced expression of proteins might be responsible for the survival and growth of plants under excess B and NaCl affecting the functional capabilities of seeds in the stress environment. Appearance of new polypeptides or their disappearance might be related to the genotypic stress tolerance or sensitivity

Not Available

Not AvailablePlants’ tolerance to stresses, particularly abiotic, is an important area of research, particularly in agriculture. Here, we studied the combined effect of excess boron (B) and salinity on three wheat varieties viz., KRL 35, KRL 210 and HD 2009. Root samples were collected 20 days after imposing different treatments, namely Control, 50 and 100 ppm B + 60 mM NaCl, respectively; and 50 and 100 ppm B + 100 mM NaCl, respectively in a hydroponic system. Results indicated that length, fresh and dry weight of root and shoot consistently decreased with increasing concentration of B and salt in the nutrient medium. These changes were accompanied by significant reductions in soluble sugars and proteins in roots, whereas proline content increased. The KRL 35 (salt tolerant variety) showed 5 specific polypeptides of 89.13, 53.4, 46.21, 32.35 and 31.10 kDa. Likewise, KRL 210 (moderately salt tolerant) showed de novo synthesis of 53.4 and 19.13 kDa, whereas three specific polypeptides (24.05, 19.13 and 17.52 kDa) appeared in HD 2009 (salt sensitive). Synthesis of the common polypeptide 25.12 kDa was observed with increase in stress treatments in all three varieties. Enhanced expression of 25.12 kDa proteins, particularly in the sensitive variety induced protein synthesis under excess boron and salt stress conditions. Thus, altered and enhanced expression of proteins might be responsible for the survival and growth of plants under excess B and NaCl affecting the functional capabilities of seeds in the stress environment. Appearance of new polypeptide(s) or their disappearance might be related to the genotypic stress tolerance or sensitivity.Not Availabl