Defining Political Extremism in the Balkans. The Case of Serbia

Political extremism (and particularly right wing political extremism) remains relatively insufficiently explored due to the fact that the phenomenon is controversial and hard to define. Its ambiguity and variability depending on time and spatial point of view further complicates its definition. Its structure is amorphous and eclectic as it often includes elements from different ideologies and connects incompatible ideas. A multidimensional conceptualization and an interdisciplinary approach - sociological, social, psychological and historical, are the Author’s tools in explaining the phenomenon of political extremism in Serbia, hopefully contributing to its clarification and laying a foundation for its further explanatory theoretical studies

THE RIGHTS OF A PROTECTED LESSEE FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT

Regulating relations in the sphere of housing for their compliance with the Constitution, the legislator has, by the Rent Act, replaced tenant’s right of tenancy, under certain conditions, to lease. Since the alignment of housing legislation implemented during the transition period of transformation of social property and privatization, the legislator, for the owners of apartments, had kept the burden of restrictions on their property rights, the burden of protected tenants, as (inevitable) effect to protect vested rights (based on valid legal grounds) on the apartment that is not their property. The enforcement of this legal regulation had not demanded that the owners of these apartments suffer greater restrictions on their ownership than the limitations that already existed, and which consisted in impossibility to live in that apartment. However, the Rent Act in Article 19 provides for situations in which the lessor (landlord) may cancel the lease to lessee (the former person entitled to tenancy rights). Nevertheless, except for reasons of Article 19 of Rent Act, landlord may terminate the lease if he intends to settle in the apartment wether alone or with his descendants, parents or persons under special regulations to support (Article 21 and 40 of the Rent Act). Regarding to their extreme sensitivity that emerged in implementing the law on real life (dis) advantages of addressees, Article 21 Paragraph 2 and Article 40 paragraphs 1 and 2 were before the Constitutional Court in the proceedings initiated in order to assess their conformity with the Constitution. Because of established breach of Articles 3, 14 § 2, 48 paragraph 1 and 50 paragraph 1 of the Constitution, Croatian Constitutional Court in decision and ruling UI-762/1996 abolished Article 21 Paragraph 2 and Article 40 § of Rent Act. In pronouncement of mentioned decision is determined that abolished Article 21 Paragraph 2 and Article 40 Paragraph 2 of Rent Act expire until six months from the date of publication of this decision. What did the legislator do after the decision of the Constitutional Court, and what followed in time to the present day - the authors suggest the analysis and presentation of the facts in the rest of the content

ADDICTIONS WITHOUT DRUGS: CONTEMPORARY ADDICTIONS OR WAY OF LIFE?

In the five thousand years of recorded history there is written evidence of various types of addiction. In recent decades scientists focus their attention on addictions without the immediate introduction of psychoactive substances into the organism or the so-called "addictions without drugs". Studies have revealed a number of similarities between drug addictions and addictions without drugs that also carry biological, psychological and social consequences in the form of addictive activity carvings, adrenaline alarm, dopamine and serotonin secretion, tolerance and abstinence syndrome same as classical forms of addiction. Although the physiological effect of addiction without drugs on the brain and nervous system is not yet sufficiently explored, scientists have found equivalent effects on addicts suffering from one or the other type of addiction. These addicts are almost generally dysfunctional persons who become prisoners of their own passions, and the consequences are numerous technological advantages offered by modern times and in some respects a punishment due to the civilization for forgetting the man himself. Considering that most people, so and many psychiatrist, often accept these addictions as a lifestyle and without any delay and awareness of the potential dangers they may pose, we can with certainty say that the so-called "addictions without drugs" are the scourge of the 21st century. With pathological gambling, which is as old as human civilization, in recent decades we meet the growing problems of internet addiction, gambling games, which are classified for the first time at DSM V in addictive disorder, uncontrolled shopping, food cravings, addiction to sex, weight loss, sports, work and many more, which are mostly true addictions, and not only the way of life. The aim of this paper is to point to the growing problem of addiction without drugs, which is becoming an increasing problem within our community

MENTAL HEALTH AND SELF-ESTEEM OF ACTIVE ATHLETES

Introduction: Systematic and continuous physical exercise of certain intensity and volume is irreplaceable in the stages of growth and development and in preventing impairments of the biological, functional and health state of the human organism.Many studies show that physical exercise contributes to development and reinforcement of mental health and increases self-esteem. Examine mental health and self-esteem of active athletes. Subjects and methods: The subjects of the study are active athletes from Herzegovina and students of the Faculty of Health Studies in Mostar. Mental health and self-esteem were measured by a sociodemographic questionnaire, The Symptom Checklist-90 and the Satisfaction With Life Scale. Results: There is a statistically significant difference in the frequency of exercise, active athletes have the highest percentage (100%) and state that they exercise often (almost every day) while university students have a significantly lower percentage (20%).Students scored significantly higher on the subscales for somatization, obsessive - compulsive symptoms, interpersonal vulnerability, depression, anxiety, aggression, phobia, and paranoia than active athletes. Active athletes have statistically higher scores for almost all the claims of the subjective assessment of life satisfaction. Conclusion: Active athletes showed significantly less psychological symptoms and better mental health, greater life satisfaction and higher self-esteem than students of the Faculty of Health Studies in Mostar