Generation of the Complete Four-dimensional Bell Basis

The Bell basis is a distinctive set of maximally entangled two-particle quantum states that forms the foundation for many quantum protocols such as teleportation, dense coding and entanglement swapping. While the generation, manipulation, and measurement of two-level quantum states is well understood, the same is not true in higher dimensions. Here we present the experimental generation of a complete set of Bell states in a four-dimensional Hilbert space, comprising of 16 orthogonal entangled Bell-like states encoded in the orbital angular momentum of photons. The states are created by the application of generalized high-dimensional Pauli gates on an initial entangled state. Our results pave the way for the application of high-dimensional quantum states in complex quantum protocols such as quantum dense coding.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Measurement metrics for measuring success of business intelligence system

Currently, Business Intelligence Systems (BIS) have been widely utilized in organizations. Although BIS have been well accepted as value creator by organizations, justification of BIS value is not always been clear in order to justify BIS investment. Therefore, to understand BIS value, organizations need to measure their BIS. In addition, reviewing other researches shows that BIS measurement was used for managing BIS process as well as understanding BIS value. Prior researchers applied objective and subjective methods for BIS measurement which are suitable for Competitive Intelligence System (CIS) but not for BIS. Literatures also suggested that Information Systems (IS) success measurement models could be used for BIS success measurement in order to understand BIS value and manage BIS process. Therefore, this research applied DeLone & McLean (D&M) updated IS success model to identify BIS success dimensions. Furthermore, based on the model, previous researches focused more on user satisfaction, system use and net benefits dimensions of BIS success rather than BIS service, system, and information quality dimensions which this research aimed to address. To do so, the interpretive paradigm was chosen. Qualitative data collection methods, which include interviews, focus group and organizational document review were applied for collecting data in the largest car manufacturing company of Middle-East as a case study. During this study, 25 participants include senior and technical level managers were selected as interviewees and focused group members. Collected data was analyzed using qualitative data analysis methods, and the findings were validated by 10 BIS experts. In addition, researcher performed a Walk-Through test on BIS in Case Study Company. The main contribution of this research is the measurement metrics for BIS quality and the BIS success measurement model, which are applicable to understand success of BIS in organizations

NGOs, from the Promotion of Civic Participation to Public Problems Solving

In the contemporary world, NGOs are considered as important tool for motivating the community. So they committed their true mission and the promotion of civic participation and strengthen social identities. Functional characteristics of non-governmental organizations are the element to leverage the centers of political and social development of powerful governments since they are concrete and familiar with the problems of society and the operational strategies which would facilitate this process of mutual trust between the people and organizations. NGOs on the one hand offer reasonable solutions in line with approved organizations as agents to match between the facts and reality of society and on the other hand changes to a tool to have true political, social and economical behavior. However, the NGOs are active in the formulation of national relations and policy formulation in an organized and disciplined based on three main factors, ie, resources, policies, and institutions. Organizations are not restricted to state administration in centralized system bodies and this process in the democratic system limits the accumulation of desires and expectations and at the end reaches to the desired place. Hence, this research will attempt to emphasis on field research (questionnaire) and according to the development evolution and role of NGOs analyze the effects of this center on youth. Therefore, the hypothesis is that there is a direct relationship between the Enlightenment and the effectiveness of policy towards NGOs and solving social damages

NGOs, from the Promotion of Civic Participation to Public Problems Solving

In the contemporary world, NGOs are considered as important tool for motivating the community. So they committed their true mission and the promotion of civic participation and strengthen social identities. Functional characteristics of non-governmental organizations are the element to leverage the centers of political and social development of powerful governments since they are concrete and familiar with the problems of society and the operational strategies which would facilitate this process of mutual trust between the people and organizations. NGOs on the one hand offer reasonable solutions in line with approved organizations as agents to match between the facts and reality of society and on the other hand changes to a tool to have true political, social and economical behavior. However, the NGOs are active in the formulation of national relations and policy formulation in an organized and disciplined based on three main factors, ie, resources, policies, and institutions. Organizations are not restricted to state administration in centralized system bodies and this process in the democratic system limits the accumulation of desires and expectations and at the end reaches to the desired place. Hence, this research will attempt to emphasis on field research (questionnaire) and according to the development evolution and role of NGOs analyze the effects of this center on youth. Therefore, the hypothesis is that there is a direct relationship between the Enlightenment and the effectiveness of policy towards NGOs and solving social damages

Critical Factors That Affect The Success Of Business Intelligence Systems (BIS) Implementation In An Organization

Abstract:- As more organizations move towards intelligent IT infrastructure, nowadays, Business Intelligence Systems (BIS) become a more widely used IT solution. Even though it is a widely used IT solution, many BIS implementations are not successful because they are time consuming and expensive. The benefits of BIS can be achieved if the system is implemented successfully. This paper explores the critical success factors (CSFs) that effect BIS implementation both from the perspectives of management and technology. Also, based on literature and interviews, a conceptual framework of successful implementation of BIS is proposed. The framework summarizes CSFs of BIS based on project implementation life cycle (pre implementation stage, implementation stage and post-implementation stage) from managerial and technological perspectives. Finally, results, suggestions and directions for future researches are discussed. Index Terms:- Business Intelligence System, Critical success factors, BIS implementation, Conceptual framework.