Inhibition of paracetamol-induced oxidative stress in rats by extracts of lemongrass (Cymbropogon citratus) and green tea (Camellia sinensis) in rats

The water extract of green tea and lemongrass were investigated for their antioxidant effects in Wistar albino rats. Control and Test groups of rats were administered with paracetamol (2 g/kg) on the 10th dayof the experiment while the test groups were pre-treated with 100 mg/kg body weight of green tea and lemongrass for 10 days. The effect of the extracts on serum levels of malondialdehyde, catalase activityand vitamin C were measured in paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Further, the effects of the extract on cholesterol and phospholipids were estimated. Cholesterol/phospholipids ratio was computed. The extracts of green tea and lemongrass produced significant (

Concentration and Human Health Risk Assessment of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane in Two Species of Fish Muscle from River Gongola Basin and its Dam, Dadinkowa, Gombe State, Nigeria

The concentration of DDT and its metabolites in the two fish species (Clarias gariepinus and Bagrus docmak) from River Gongola basin and its dam, Dadinkowa in Gombe State Nigeria was determined and human health risk association from the consumption of contaminated fish was evaluated. Fish samples were collected for period of six months and the pesticide residues analysis was carried out by using QuEChERS method along with conventional method (Hand shaken technique) and gas chromatography with electron capture detector (GC-ECD). (DDTs) and its metabolites were observed with DDD were the predominant contaminants, followed by DDT. The predominance of DDE may be attributed to their current use in vector control and contamination from past usage. The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of DDT and its metabolites from all fish species were much lower than the acceptable daily intakes (ADIs), indicating that consumption of fish is at little risk to human health at present. However, the cancer risk estimates in the area of concern and the hazard ratios (HRs) of DDTs below the threshold value of one, indicating daily exposure to these compounds is a potential concern

Pattern Of Cancer In Maiduguri, Nigeria: Tumours In Adults

Objective: To determine the general pattern of cancer in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Methods: This was a retrospective study. All cancer cases in our diagnosis register between 1989 and 2003 were retrieved and studied. The tumours were classified according to the Armed Forces Institute of Pathologists (AFIP) of America as modified from the World Health Organisation (WHO). The frequencies of the tumours were then analysed and presented in tables. Results: During the study period (January 1989 to December 2003), there were a total of 13,874 biopsies out of which cancer constituted 2341 cases (16.9%). The commonest cancer in the study was carcinoma of the uterine cervix (19.5%) followed by cancer of the female breast (12.5%). Gastro-intestinal, skin and soft tissue cancers were commoner than prostatic cancer (6.2%) in general contributing 10.5%, 9.1% and 6.3% respectively. However, prostatic cancer was the commonest cancer amongst males. Cancers of the urinary tract and the head and neck accounted for 5.5% and 4.5% and ranked 7th and 8th respectively. Conclusion: Our study revealed that cancer was common in our center and the two most common cancers were cervical and breast cancer respectively. Cancer of the uterine cervix was commoner than breast cancer unlike other parts of Nigeria and Africa in general. Therefore there is the urgent need to set up oncology unit to promote prevention and control of cancer. Key words: Cancer pattern, carcinoma of cervix, breast, soft tissues, prostate, Maiduguri, Nigeria Highland Medical Research Journal Vol.2(2) 2004: 42-4