Alteration of Phospholipase C Expression in Rat Visual Cortical Neurons by Chronic Blockade of Orexin Receptor 1

Orexin-A well-known as hypocretin-1 is a neuropeptide that is produced in the lateral hypothalamus area (LHA). It promotes widespread cortical activation. In this study, the effect of SB-334867 as OX1R antagonist on phospholipase C (PLC) level was investigated in rat cerebral cortex slice preparations adopting immunohistochemistry approach. Nine Wistar rats PND12 were grouped (n = 3 for each group) as follows: group 1 contained native rats (Control); animals in group 2 and 3 received the SB-334867 vehicle and SB-334867 (10 mg/kg, i.p) daily from PND12 to PND30. The results showed that orexin antagonist decreased PLC levels in layers II, III (P < 0.01), I and V/VI (P < 0.05) of visual cortex. Therefore, it can be concluded that orexin receptor antagonist may decrease the level of PLC in most layers of the visual cortex. © 2019, Springer Nature B.V

Effects of austenizing temperature, cooling rate and isothermal temperature on overall phase transformation characteristics in high carbon steel

Phase transformations in high-carbon steel has been investigated by dilatometry during continuous cooling and isothermal transformations, following austenizing at temperatures of 900 °Ce1200 °C (1173e1473 K). Optical microscopy and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy techniques revealed the presence of martensite, complex bainite, pearlite and metastable retained austenite under a variety of heat treatments. Magnetic measurements proved to be a useful technique to determine the fraction of retained austenite. Quantitative image processing with ImageJ software and magnetic techniques were used to calculate phase fractions. The rate of phase transformations increased by an increase in austenizing temperature for transformations occurring during continuous cooling and isothermal transformations. A mere increase in cooling rate from 3 °C (276 K) per second to 5 °C (278 K) per second changed the relative phase fractions and hardness significantly. The hardness of isothermally cooling specimens was a strong function of temperature and microstructure. Although isothermal holding at 500e525 °C (773e798 K) resulted in a mixture of bainite and pearlite, the hardness decreased significantly by decreasing the isothermal transformation temperature from 525 °C (798 K) to 500 °C (773 K). These outcomes provide valuable guidelines for the development of novel microstructure in high carbon steel in industrial practice

Comparison of outcomes and complications in conventional versus ultrasound-accelerated catheter directed thrombolysis for treatment of pulmonary embolism: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Acute submassive a massive pulmonary embolism are known as leading causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in emergency departments. Choosing the optimal type of catheter directed thrombolysis (CDT) for treatment of pulmonary embolism presents a quandary to the practitioners. To the best of our knowledge, there is no meta-analysis comparing superiority of conventional CDT and ultrasound-accelerated catheter directed thrombolysis (USACDT). Therefore, in this meta-analysis, we aimed to compare conventional CDT with USACDT regarding clinical outcomes and safety profile. Methods: A systematic literature search of previous published studies comparing conventional CDT with USACDT regarding clinical outcomes and safety profile was carried out in the electronic databases including MEDLINE, Scopus, EBSCO, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Cochrane from inception to December 2021. Data were analyzed by comprehensive meta-analysis software (CMA, version 3). Results: The meta-analysis included nine studies with a total of 705 patients. Our meta-analysis showed that there is no significant difference between two groups with respect to pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (SMD: �0.084; 95 CI: �0.287 to 0.12; p: 0.41), RV/LV (SMD: �0.003; 95 CI: �0.277 to 0.270; p: 0.98), and Miller score (SMD: �0.345; 95 CI: �1.376 to 0.686; p: 0.51). Similarly, we found no statistically significant differences between two groups regarding major and minor bleeding (p >.05). Conclusion: Our meta-analysis showed that when compared with USACDT, conventional CDT provides similar clinical and hemodynamic outcomes or safety for treatment of pulmonary embolism without the need for very expensive technologies. However, randomized clinical trials are required to further investigate cost-effectiveness of USACDT in comparison with conventional CDT. © The Author(s) 2022