Taxonomic and Distributional Accounts on the Non-geniculate Coralline Algae in Japan

日本産無節サンゴモ（サンゴモ目，ハパリデウム目，エンジイシモ目）の分類と分布について，博物館所蔵標本および新たに採集された標本を形態・解剖学的に観察し，再検討した。その結果，日本から既報告の98分類群のうち，75分類群（72種3品種）が日本産として確認された。残り23分類群は12分類群が日本産から除外，7分類群が他種の異名，4分類群が不明な種として扱われた。日本新産種として9種（エンリンモカサ，カンムリモカサ，ジュウジモカサ，クサビイシゴロモ，カスミイシゴロモ，チヂミオコシ，ナンカイオコシ，フナフチオコシ，オオエンジイシモ）が加わった。日本がタイプ産地である32分類群（26種6品種）は，ほとんどのタイプ標本の再調査が未実施である。日本産の各種について，命名法，異名表，詳細な形態の記載と図解，標本に基づく分布を記載した。Taxonomic and distributional accounts of non-geniculate coralline algae (Corallinales, Hapalidiales, Sporolithales) previously reported from Japan were re-evaluated based on the herbarium and newly collected specimens by morphological and anatomical observations. Of the 98 taxa previously reported in Japan, 75 taxa (72 species and 3 forms) were confirmed to occur. The remaining 23 taxa were treated as species excluded from Japanese flora (12 taxa), synonyms of other taxa (7 taxa) or species of uncertain status (4 taxa), respectively. Nine species were newly recorded for Japan (Heteroderma gibbsii , Pneophyllum coronatum , Hydrolithon cruciatum, Lithophyllum cuneatum , Lithophyllum insipidum , Lithothamnion crispatum , Lithothamnion proliferum, Mesophyllum funafutiense and Sporolithon episoredion). Most of the types of 32 taxa (26 species and 6 forms) reported from Japan have not been re-examined in modern methods. For each Japanese species, nomenclature, synonymy, detailed morphological and anatomical accounts, and distribution based on examined specimens are presented

Three species of Mastophora (Rhodophyta: Corallinales, Corallinaceae) in the tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean: M. rosea (C. Agardh) Setchell, M. pacifica (Heydrich) Foslie, and M. multistrata sp. nov

Three species of Mastophora (Corallinaceae, Corallinales, Rhodophyta) were found in extensive studies of nongeniculate coralline algae in various areas of the tropical Indo-Pacific, including French Polynesia, Fiji, Ryukyu Islands (Japan), and Taiwan. Two species are delicate and leafy but are distinguishable on morphological grounds. Mastophora rosea plants are taeniform, dichotomously branched, and weakly calcified and have rolled margins. Their thalli show very little secondary growth, with only occasional small round patches at the surface. Tetrasporangial and carposporangial conceptacles are very high (330–640 mm) and dome-shaped to almost spherical. Mastophora rosea plants collected during this study stand out in the water because of their bluish-purple colour. Mastophora pacifica has more strongly calcified thalli that are irregularly branched, with abundant secondary growth and the development of loosely attached, crispy layers. Tetrasporangial and carposporangial conceptacles are conical (280–550 mm high). Thallus colour in M. pacifica varies substantially depending on where it is growing, ranging from violet brown to dark red to greyish ruby, but are mostly pale-pink to reddish-purple in their submerged living state. Mastophora multistrata sp. nov. plants are hard and robust. Their thalli are made up of tightly packed layers that are evident only in section. Tetrasporangial conceptacles are generally low (315–490 mm high) and dome-shaped. In their living state, M. multistrata plants are usually deep-purple plum coloured.Web of Scienc

Morphological and molecular assessment of Lithophyllum okamurae with the description of L. neo-okamurae sp. nov. (Corallinales, Rhodophyta)

Lithophyllum okamurae has been widely reported in the Pacific Ocean with identification based on morpho-anatomical observations. Two infraspecific taxa, L. okamurae f. okamurae and f. angulare, described from Japan, have been recorded in the temperate region of Japan. We assessed branched Lithophyllum samples morphologically referable to L. okamurae using morpho-anatomical data and DNA sequences (psbA, rbcL and partial LSU rDNA) obtained from herbarium specimens, including type material, as well as recently field-collected material in Japan. The molecular analyses showed that these ‘L. okamurae’ samples contained two species: L. okamurae and a cryptic new species which we describe as L. neo-okamurae sp. nov. Because the holotype of L. okamurae f. angulare was conspecific with original material cited in the protologue of L. okamurae, it is a heterotypic synonym of L. okamurae f. okamurae. Lithophyllum okamurae and L. neo-okamurae were morphologically similar in having warty, lumpy and fruticose thalli and in often forming rhodoliths. Lithophyllum okamurae can be morpho-anatomically distinguished from L. neo-okamurae by the thallus with tapering or plate-like protuberances (knobby protuberances in the latter) and by having smaller tetrasporangial conceptacle chambers (167–314 μm; 248–380 μm in L. neo-okamurae). Our LSU rDNA sequence data from L. okamurae f. angulare (=L. okamurae f. okamurae) was identical to that of the type of L. margaritae, which has nomenclatural priority over L. okamurae. However, considering that psbA and rbcL sequences of L. margaritae type material could not be generated in the present study, we refrain, for the moment, from proposing the taxonomic synonymy between these two taxa until the status of L. margaritae and its synonyms from the type locality (Gulf of California) are clarified.This research was mainly supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 26850123, 17K07908) to AK

A systematic study of crustose coralline alga Neogoniolithon brassica-florida (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) in the Ryukyu Islands

琉球大学21世紀COEプログラム「サンゴ礁島嶼系の生物多様性の総合解析」平成20年度成果発表会（平成21年3月14日開催）　講演・特別講演会場：理系複号棟102号室，ポスター発表会場：琉球大学50周年記念館1

First record of <I>Sporolithon ptychoides</I> Heydrich (Sporolithales, Corallinophycidae, Rhodophyta) from Thailand

Sporolithon ptychoides Heydrich (Sporolithaceae, Sporolithales), généritype de Sporolithon, est reporté pour la première fois dans les eaux Thaïlandaise (Golfe de Thaïlande et mer d\u27Andaman). L\u27anatomie et la morphologie des spécimens thaïlandais sont décrites et comparées avec les observations publiées sur S. ptychoides et les autres espèces du genre Sporolithon. Les cellules épithéliales sont évasées. Les cellules des filaments adjacents se connectent latéralement, principalement par des synapses secondaires. Les tétraspocystes sont regroupés en sores à la surface du thalle. Les sores forment des lignes distinctes sous-jacentes. Les conceptacles carposporangiaux mâles et femelles sont ici décrits pour la première fois pour S. ptychoides. Les gamétophytes sont monoïques avec les carpospocystes et les spermatocystes provenant de conceptacles unipores. Les rameaux portant les spermatocystes se développent à la surface du plancher, des murs et du toit de la chambre du conceptacle male. Le rameau carpogonial consiste en une cellule hypogène et un carpogonium. Les fusions centrales sont absentes du plancher de la chambre du conceptacle des carposporocystes.Sporolithon ptychoides Heydrich (Sporolithaceae, Sporolithales), the type species of the genus Sporolithon, is newly reported for Thai waters based on specimens collected from the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Sea. A detailed morphological and anatomical account is provided, including comparisons with published data of S. ptychoides and its related species. Epithallial cells are flared. Cells of adjacent filaments connect laterally mostly by secondary pit connections. Tetrasporangia are grouped in sori that occur in patches over the thallus surface. Sori are buried in distinct rows in the thallus. Details of male, female and carposporangial conceptacles of S. ptychoides are described for the first time. Gametangial thalli are monoecious with spermatangia and carposporangia born in uniporate conceptacles. Dendroid spermatangial branches occur on the floor, walls and roof of the male conceptacle chamber. Carpogonial branch consists of a hypogenous cell and a carpogonium. Central fusion cell is absent on the floor of the carposporangial conceptacle chamber.</p