24 research outputs found
A communicative robot to learn about us and the world
We describe a model for a robot that learns about the world and her com-panions through natural language communication. The model supports open-domain learning, where the robot has a drive to learn about new con-cepts, new friends, and new properties of friends and concept instances. The robot tries to fill gaps, resolve uncertainties and resolve conflicts. The absorbed knowledge consists of everything people tell her, the situations and objects she perceives and whatever she finds on the web. The results of her interactions and perceptions are kept in an RDF triple store to enable reasoning over her knowledge and experiences. The robot uses a theory of mind to keep track of who said what, when and where. Accumulating knowledge results in complex states to which the robot needs to respond. In this paper, we look into two specific aspects of such complex knowl-edge states: 1) reflecting on the status of the knowledge acquired through a new notion of thoughts and 2) defining the context during which knowl-edge is acquired. Thoughts form the basis for drives on which the robot communicates. We capture episodic contexts to keep instances of objects apart across different locations, which results in differentiating the acquired knowledge over specific encounters. Both aspects make the communica-tion more dynamic and result in more initiatives by the robo
Ex-PRESS Miniature Glaucoma Shunt in Treatment of Refractory Glaucoma
Refractory glaucoma in a complicated type of glaucoma of different ethyologies with one same characteristic ā intraocular
pressure of great resistance to therapy. There are different methods of treatment in such glaucomas, primary surgical
options. Ex-PRESS miniature glaucoma shunt implantation was our treatment of choice. In our group of patients we
achieved stabile intraocular pressure values in 4 month period of time with no serious or unexpected complications
Combined Procedure of Phacoemulsififi cation and Implantation of Ex-PRESS Miniature Glaucoma Shunt
Glaucoma patients not responding to maximum medical therapy with coexistent cataract are candidates for combined
cataract and glaucoma therapy. There are different therapy models. The choice of therapy depends on numerous patient
and surgeon related factors. Ex-PRESS mini glaucoma shunt is a modifi ed trabeculectomy and can be combined with
cataract surgery when indicated. In this paper we presented our experience with this combined procedure. Our results
showed good intraocular pressure control and visual acuity improvement, comparable to other therapy choices
Capsular Tension Ring in Damaged Zonules
Capsular tension ring (CTR) is endocapsular support device important during cataract surgery in eyes with weak
zonular apparatus. It was presented our experience, advantages and limitations of CTR in phacoemulsifi cation cataract
surgery with damaged zonules. Phacoemulsifi cation surgery was performed by clear corneal technique using topical
anesthesia. Capsular ring was implanted to stabilize the capsular bag before implantation of intraocular lens. CTR has
become increasingly important in the management of zonular weakness during cataract extraction. It lowers the incidence
of capsule contraction, stabilizes the capsular bag and enhances IOL centration
Ocular Surface Changes in Glaucoma Patients Related to Topical Medications
Topical glaucoma therapy is a long termed, usually lifelong. Antiglaucomatous drugs have toxic effects on ocular
surface, due to preservative toxicitiy or the drug itself. Adding a lubricant eyedrops to antiglaucomatous therapy, especially
if considering the preservative used, can have protective effect. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the stability
of precorneal tear fi lm in glaucoma patient prior and after administration of lubricant eye drops with different tipe of
preservatives. The study showed the protective role of ocular surface lubrication especially when using drugs with less
harmful preservatives
Comparison of IOL ā Master and Ultrasound Biometry in Preoperative Intra Ocular Lens (IOL) Power Calculation
Postoperative refractive outcome largely depends on the accuracy of calculating power of implanted IOL. Lens power
calculation can be done by conventional ultrasound biometry and partial coherence laser interferometry (IOL Master).
The aim was to compare the accuracy of IOL power calculations using conventional ultrasound biometry and partial
coherence laser interferometry.40 eyes were included in this prospective randomized trial. Twenty eyes underwent IOL
master and 20 eyes had aplanation ultrasound biometry. There were included only eyes with age-related cataract and
postoperative natural visual acuity (VA) 0.7. Visual acuity was performed 6 weeks after cataract surgery. After 6 weeks
best natural visual acuity were 0.9 (Ā±0.1) in IOL-Master group and 0.85 (Ā±0.15) in ultrasound biometry. The postoperative
mean absolute refractive error was 0.75 (Ā±0.5) D for ultrasound biometry and 0.50 (Ā±0.50) D for IOL-Master. Optical biometry
with the IOL-Master proved to be slightly more accurate than ultrasound biometry for IOL power calculation
Kroz prostor i vrijeme: Zbornik u Äast Miri Menac-MihaliÄ
Zbornik Kroz prostor i vrijeme posveÄen je prof. dr. sc. Miri Menac-MihaliÄ, dugogodiÅ”njoj profesorici Filozofskog fakulteta SveuÄiliÅ”ta u Zagreba te Älanici suradnici Hrvatske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti. Prof. dr. sc. Mira Menac-MihaliÄ iznimno je plodna znanstvenica koja se, uz veliki broj radova iz dijalektologije, smatra i zaÄetnicom hrvatske dijalektne frazeologije. U zborniku posveÄenom njezinu radu i djelovanju objavljeni su prilozi koji su grupirani u dvije glavne tematske cjeline (dijalektologija/povijest jezika "O govorima kroz vrijeme" i frazeologija "Živost frazema"). Radovi predstavljaju izniman znanstveni doprinos hrvatskoj filologiji. Velikim su dijelom rezultat terenskih istraživanja kojima se prikupljala graÄa za obradu. Donose precizne rezultate o fonoloÅ”kim/morfoloÅ”kim/leksiÄkim znaÄajkama hrvatskih mjesnih govora, a istražuju se i frazemi potvrÄeni u hrvatskoj nacionalnoj ili dijalektnoj frazeologiji. Dio graÄe koji se opisuje ekscerpiran je iz postojeÄe literature te pomno i iscrpno analiziran
Kroz prostor i vrijeme: Zbornik u Äast Miri Menac-MihaliÄ
Zbornik Kroz prostor i vrijeme posveÄen je prof. dr. sc. Miri Menac-MihaliÄ, dugogodiÅ”njoj profesorici Filozofskog fakulteta SveuÄiliÅ”ta u Zagreba te Älanici suradnici Hrvatske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti. Prof. dr. sc. Mira Menac-MihaliÄ iznimno je plodna znanstvenica koja se, uz veliki broj radova iz dijalektologije, smatra i zaÄetnicom hrvatske dijalektne frazeologije. U zborniku posveÄenom njezinu radu i djelovanju objavljeni su prilozi koji su grupirani u dvije glavne tematske cjeline (dijalektologija/povijest jezika "O govorima kroz vrijeme" i frazeologija "Živost frazema"). Radovi predstavljaju izniman znanstveni doprinos hrvatskoj filologiji. Velikim su dijelom rezultat terenskih istraživanja kojima se prikupljala graÄa za obradu. Donose precizne rezultate o fonoloÅ”kim/morfoloÅ”kim/leksiÄkim znaÄajkama hrvatskih mjesnih govora, a istražuju se i frazemi potvrÄeni u hrvatskoj nacionalnoj ili dijalektnoj frazeologiji. Dio graÄe koji se opisuje ekscerpiran je iz postojeÄe literature te pomno i iscrpno analiziran
Smjernice za farmakoloÅ”ko lijeÄenje epilepsije
SAŽETAK
MeÄunarodne smjernice za farmakoloÅ”ko lijeÄenje epilepsija opÄenite su, sveobuhvatne i ne prepoznaju lokalne specifiÄnosti poput ekonomskih i tehniÄkih moguÄnosti u pojedinim državama, dostupnosti pojedinih antiepileptika ili drugih metoda lijeÄenja i sliÄno. Stoga se nameÄe potreba izrade nacionalnih smjernica, Äiji su zapravo temelj meÄunarodne smjernice Internacionalne lige protiv epilepsije. Hrvatske smjernice za farmakoloÅ”ko lijeÄenje epilepsija plod su suradnje svih relevantnih struÄnih druÅ”tava i referentnih centara u RH, na Äelu s Hrvatskom ligom protiv epilepsije te Hrvatskim neuroloÅ”kim druÅ”tvom i Hrvatskim druÅ”tvom za djeÄju neurologiju Hrvatskoga lijeÄniÄkog zbora, a odražavaju aktualne socioekonomske i regulatorne specifiÄnosti u naÅ”oj zemlji, najnovije spoznaje farmakoloÅ”kih profila i uÄinkovitosti pojedinih antiepileptika kao i ekspertna miÅ”ljenja. AntiepileptiÄka terapija se uvodi nakon postavljanja dijagnoze epilepsije, stoga profilaktiÄka primjena nije opravdana. Nakon postavljanja dijagnoze potrebno je bolesnika informirati o prognozi bolesti, moguÄnostima lijeÄenja i samopomoÄi, životnim ograniÄenjima te moguÄim neželjenim dogaÄajima. Ciljevi farmakoterapije epilepsija su potpuna kontrola napada uz izbjegavanje nuspojava te održavanje ili poboljÅ”anje kvalitete života. Zlatni standard lijeÄenja je monoterapija odnosno primjena adekvatnog antiepileptika u adekvatnoj dozi. Izbor i titracija lijeka su individualni, a temelje se na smjernicama za lijeÄenje pojedinih vrsta napada, karakteristikama bolesnika i regulatorno specifiÄnim Äimbenicima. Nakon neuspjeha inicijalne monoterapije, potrebna je reevalucija anamnestiÄkih i dijagnostiÄkih podataka te potom postupna i spora zamjena antiepileptika. Racionalna politerapija podrazumijeva kombinaciju dvaju antiepileptika razliÄitih mehanizama djelovanja, prvog ili eventualno drugog izbora za postavljenju dijagnozu, niskoga interakcijskog potencijala, razliÄitog profila nuspojava i sinergistiÄkog ili aditivnog djelovanja. Zamjena generiÄkih ili originalnog i generiÄkog oblika lijeka nije preporuÄljiva, a poglavito nakon postizanja remisije ili prilikom uzimanja visokih doza lijeka. Ukidanje antiepileptiÄke terapije treba biti postupno i sporo, u sluÄaju politerapije jedan po jedan lijek, a u donoÅ”enju odluke o ukidanju, kao i o uvoÄenju antiepileptika, mora biti ukljuÄen bolesnik i njegova obitelj
Algorithm curation and the emergence of filter bubbles: an agent-based modelling approach
Algorithmic curation is a helpful solution for the massive amount of content on the web. The term is used to describe how platforms automate the recommendation of content to users. News outlets, social networks and search engines widely use recommendation systems. Such automation has led to worries about selective exposure and its side effects. Echo chambers occur when we are over-exposed to the news we like or agree with, distorting our perception of reality (1). Filter bubbles arise where the information we dislike or disagree with is automatically filtered out ā narrowing what we know (2). While the idea of Filter Bubbles makes logical sense, the magnitude of the "filter bubble effect", reducing diversity, has been questioned [3]. Most empirical studies indicate that algorithmic recommendations have not locked large audience segments into bubbles [4]. However, little attention has been paid to the interplay between technological, social, and cognitive filters. We proposed an Agent-based Modelling to simulate users' emergent behaviour and track their opinions when getting news from news outlets and social networks. The model aims to understand under which circumstances algorithmic filtering and social network dynamics affect users' innate opinions and which interventions can mitigate the effect. Agent-based models simulate the behaviour of multiple individual agents forming a larger society. The behaviour of the individual agents can be elementary, yet the population's behaviour can be much more than the sum of its parts. We have designed different scenarios to analyse the contributing factors to the emergence of filter bubbles. It includes different recommendation algorithms and social network dynamics. Cognitive filters are based on the Triple Filter Bubble model [5]. References 1.Richard Fletcher, 2020 2.Eli Pariser, 2012 3.Chitra & Musco, 2020 4. Mƶller et al., 2018 5. Daniel Geschke et al, 201