Advancing Dispute Resolution by Unpacking the Sources of Conflict: Toward an Integrated Framework

Organizational leaders, public policy makers, dispute resolution professionals, and scholars have developed diverse methods for resolving workplace conflict. But there is inadequate recognition that the effectiveness of a dispute resolution method depends on its fit with the source of a particular conflict. Consequently, it is essential to better understand where conflict comes from and how this affects dispute resolution. To these ends, this paper uniquely integrates scholarship from multiple disciplines to develop a multi-dimensional framework on the sources of conflict. This provides an important foundation for theorizing and identifying effective dispute resolution methods, which are more important than ever as the changing world of work raises new issues, conflicts, and institutions

Revisiting the Importance of Cognition in Information Science

DOI: 10.1177/016555150000000For a considerable amount of time the field of information science has employed its own, as well as the knowledge bases and methods of other fields (with productive results). One field that has been appropriated from has been cognitive science. Cognitive science, however, has been in flux over the last few decades, with different conceptual frameworks assuming ascendance at various times. That dynamic implies that information science should pay close attention to what is occurring in cognitive science in order to investigate the most complex of challenges in information retrieval use, behaviour, and other phenomena. This paper includes a review of the frameworks of cognitive science and suggests that some of the most recent work in that field holds promise for development of thought and inquiry in information science. Understanding of the complex individual processes within human brains, the relationships among thinking communicators, and the relationship of brain and mind, is one of the areas where particular attention should be paid

Do You Have Any Books On... An Examination of Public Library Holdings

Public librarians have long debated the question of whether quality or popularity should drive collection decisions. A survey of the selected holdings of twenty medium-sized public libraries indicates that both quality and popularity may be determining factors in whether to acquire particular titles. Furthermore, the study suggests that the existence and content of reviews may also influence the likelihood of libraries to select particular titles, as may the selectors\u27 perception of the diversity of their community

Is there such a thing as Least Publishable Unit ? An empirical investigation

Objective. Scientists are afflicted by what has been anecdotally referred to as the phenomenon of Least Publishable Unit (LPU). This project is an effort at empirical analysis of the phenomenon. Method. Three months of the journals JAMA and the New England Journal of Medicine were analyzed to identify work that has been funded by the U.S. National Institutes of Health. Next, the database Medline was searched to discover the total number of publications by each researcher and the publications that acknowledge the single specified funding source (the grant mentioned in the journals). Results. Biomedical researchers who published in JAMA and the New England Journal of Medicine were found to have a substantial number of publications from 2010 through 2013. Those publications are indicative of a huge literature that has to be searched in order to find work relevant to information seekers\u27 needs. Moreover, each researcher has several publications stemming from work funded by a single NIH grant. Contribution. The implications of this research for libraries are primarily the explosion of content and the potential duplication of publications

Multilayer asymptotic solution for wetting fronts in porous media with exponential moisture diffusivity

We study the asymptotic behavior of sharp front solutions arising from the nonlinear diffusion equation θt=(D(θ)θx)x, where the diffusivity is an exponential function D(θ)=Doexp(βθ). This problem arises, for example, in the study of unsaturated flow in porous media where θ represents the liquid saturation. For physical parameters corresponding to actual porous media, the diffusivity at the residual saturation is D(0)=Do≪1 so that the diffusion problem is nearly degenerate. Such problems are characterized by wetting fronts that sharply delineate regions of saturated and unsaturated flow, and that propagate with a well-defined speed. Using matched asymptotic expansions in the limit of large β, we derive an analytical description of the solution that is uniformly valid throughout the wetting front. This is in contrast with most other related analyses that instead truncate the solution at some specific wetting front location, which is then calculated as part of the solution, and beyond that location, the solution is undefined. Our asymptotic analysis demonstrates that the solution has a four-layer structure, and by matching through the adjacent layers, we obtain an estimate of the wetting front location in terms of the material parameters describing the porous medium. Using numerical simulations of the original nonlinear diffusion equation, we demonstrate that the first few terms in our series solution provide approximations of physical quantities such as wetting front location and speed of propagation that are more accurate (over a wide range of admissible β values) than other asymptotic approximations reported in the literature.</p

Scholarly productivity of U.S. LIS faculty

One aspect of faculty effectiveness can be measured through research productivity, and publication and citation rates can serve as an indicator of that productivity. This study, the fourth in a series to examine LIS faculty and program productivity as measured by publication and citation, uses the same methodology as the previous investigations. A consistent data instrument (the Social Science Citation Index) provided publication and citation data for LIS faculty, covering the years 1999 to 2004. Tables show the faculty and programs with the highest publication and citation rates, both overall and per capita, as well as a cumulative ranking of LIS programs based on faculty research productivity. This study, in conjunction with the three previous, documents an increase in LIS research productivity, suggesting an increase in faculty effectiveness.Post-printIncludes bibliographical references

News, Fake News, and Critical Authority

© 2018, Springer International Publishing AG. The purpose of this proposed work is to present a theoretically and methodologically sound grounding for the critical apprehension of what constitutes authoritative news and news sources. The presentation will demonstrate clearly that there are variations in reports of news: intentionally objective news items (“intentionally” in that there is a deliberate attempt at objective reporting), unintentional error in news items (“unintentionally” mistaken), and intentionally false news items (“intentionally” in that there is a deliberate effort to deceive readers). The proposed work will focus on the first and third of the possibilities. Within the functioning of information literacy, it is argued, there is an obligation to recognize the intentionalities for what they are—objective reporting and efforts to deceive. Ultimately, the presentation will suggest ways to realize that obligation

Research Agendas and Time: Persistence and Change in the Profession's Questions

In the late 1980s the Office of Library Programs sponsored a project intended to develop a research agenda for the field of librarianship. A detailed set of questions was stated. While more recent agendas have been created, it is an open question whether there is any consistency over time or among the expressed agendas. The proposed paper addresses that question.PresentationIncludes bibliographical references

Inquiring into the Real: A Realist Phenomenological Approach

The need for postpositivist or antipositivist methods in the social sciences, including library and information science, is well documented. A promising alternative synthesizes critical realism and phenomenology. This method embraces ontological reality in all things, including human and social action. The ontology underlying the realist phenomenological approach recognizes, following Bhaskar, intransitive and transitive objects of knowledge (mind‐independent reality and individual and social perceptions of that reality). The synthesis encompasses some particular elements, including perceptions of parts and wholes, the reconciliation of presence and absence, and the essential character of intentionality. Withholding judgment (exercising a particular kind of skepticism) enables inquirers to delve into the historicity and background of action. Potential uses of the method are manifold; some specifics are examined here

A moving mesh method with variable relaxation time

We propose a moving mesh adaptive approach for solving time-dependent partial differential equations. The motion of spatial grid points is governed by a moving mesh PDE (MMPDE) in which a mesh relaxation time \tau is employed as a regularization parameter. Previously reported results on MMPDEs have invariably employed a constant value of the parameter \tau. We extend this standard approach by incorporating a variable relaxation time that is calculated adaptively alongside the solution in order to regularize the mesh appropriately throughout a computation. We focus on singular problems involving self-similar blow-up to demonstrate the advantages of using a variable relaxation ime over a fixed one in terms of accuracy, stability and efficiency.Comment: 21 page