Pengaruh Pakan Terhadap Lama Hidup Dan Kebugaran Imago Eriborus Argenteopilosus Cameron (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)

Research of the effect of adult feeding to longevity and fecundity of parasitoid Eriborus argenteopilosus Cameron (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) was conducted under laboratory conditions. Fitness was studied by feeding adults Eriborus with different types of food ( 10% honey, 10% yeast, aquadest). Results of the research indicated that fitness and longevity were highest when Eriborus was fed with 10% honey. There is a positive correlation between size and fecundity, suggesting certain measures of body length can be used as indicators of fitness

Pengaruh Suhu Dan Kerapatan Inang Terhadap Superparasistisme Oleh Eriborus Argenteopilosus: Implikasi Bagi Pengendalian Hayati

Effect of temperature and host density on superparasitisme by Eriborus argenteopilosus: Implication for biological control. Superparatism is a type of parasite in which the host is attacked by another parasitoid. Superparatism is influenced by several factors including temperature and host density. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of temperature and host density on superparatism E. argenteopilosus. Different number of larva C. pavonana (15, 30, 60, 90 and 120) was infested with a female parasitoidat various temperature (200, 250, and 300C) for three hours. The larva host was disectionto enable us to count the number of eggs. The study result reveals that superparatism E. argenteopilosus was influenced by temperature and host density. Superparatism occured randomly at different temperature reaching the highest at 200 with host density of 15 and 30

Keberhasilan Hidup Parasitoid Diadegma Semiclausum Hellen dan Serangga Inangnya Plutella Xylostella (L.) terhadap Aplikasi Ekstrak Biji Srikaya (Annona Squamosa L.)

Control of Plutella xylostella L. can be done both biologically and chemically. Biological control is generally done by utilizing plant extracts to kill insect pests. This study aims to determine the effect of the extract of seeds on the mortality and development of parasitoid Diadegma semiclausum Hellen and its host, P. xylostella. The effect of Srikaya seed extract on P. xylostella larvae in the initial stage was tested by foliar rest method, while the residue method on the glass surface was used to test the effect of the extract of seed extract of Srikaya on the death of imago D. semiclausum. The effect of seed extract on parasitization and development of D. semiclausum was performed by exposing P. xylostella larvae contaminated by the extract of srikaya seeds in sublethal concentration (LC5 and LC10) in imago D. semiclausum. The results showed that extract of srikaya seeds at a concentration of 0.0632–0.1% at 24-hour contamination affected the death of the larva P. xylostella and the imago parasitoids D. semiclausum. Imago parasitoids are more susceptible to increased concentration of extracts than P. xylostella larvae. The developmental resistance of P. xylostella by Srikaya seed extract at concentrations used is generally unreal. Similarly, the barriers to the development of parasitoid D. semiclausum in hosts contaminated with sublethal concentrations (LC5 and LC10) of seed extract are generally not significantly different. The presence of Srikaya seed extract in the host also has no significant effect on the extent of parasitization, cocoon length, cocoon width, and cocoon weight. Therefore, there is a possibility to chemically and biologically integrate P. xylostella control

Keragaman Genetik, Kebugaran Dan Inkompatibilitas Reproduksi Hemiptarsenus Varicornis Girault (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), Parasitoid Larva Liriomyza Huidobrensis (Diptera: Agromyzidae)

Several experiments have been conducted to study genetic variation, fitness and reproductive incompatibility of H. varicornis from different geographic populations. Genetic variation from Pandai Sikek (PS), Alahan Panjang (AP) and Kayu Aro (KA) was analyzed by using random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) technique and the similarity of genetics measured using NTSys program. The fitness of female wasps such as longevity, fecundity and preoviposition was observed and then compared among those populations. Incompatibility in reproduction was determined by accounting of reproductive compatibility (RC) index in crossing of intra and interpopulation both of PS and AP. The results showed high genetic variation of H. varicornis among population from Alahan Panjang, Pandai Sikek and Kayu Aro with similarity coefficient of 30 to 70%. The best fitness showed the female wasps from Kayu Aro that was significantly different (P= 0.00) in longevity (24.60 ± 6.4 days), fecundity (63.6 ± 28.6 eggs) and parasitization (53.60%) but not significantly different (P=0.07) in number of the first day eggs (1.1 ± 1.4 eggs). Crossing of AP and PS indicated incompatibility in reproduction among the population

Pengaruh Cendawan Endofit Terhadap Biologi Dan Statistik Demografi Wereng Batang Cokelat Nilaparvata Lugens Stál (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

Endophytic fungi is an endosymbiont that lives within host plant tissues and does not necessary cause any harm to plants. This type of fungus are important as mediators in plant-herbivore interactions. One of the endophytic fungi in rice is Nigrospora sp. The effects of Nigrospora sp. on the biology and demographic statistic of Nilaparvata lugens Stál (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) were studied in the laboratory. We used Nigrospora sp. culture powder was used to inoculate the fungi to rice seeds by mixing 10 g of flour endophytic per 1 kg rice seeds. The mixture was then stored in damp and dark storage. Results showed that the rice seeds treated with endophytic fungi showed some resistance to N. lugens. Eggs and early stages of nymph mortality was increased, higher than the control. Endophytic fungi also affect the nymphs growth rates by slowing it down, prolonging N. lugens life cycle, preoviposition period as well as delayed the age at first reproduction. N. lugens population growth is effected by Nigrospora sp. in laboratory scale. Thus, it has the potential as an alternative way to control N. lugens population. In addition, inoculation of endophytic fungi could be a useful method for protecting rice plants from N. lugens

Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Amplified by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Was Used to Determine the Differences of Four Telenomus Species and Five Populations of T. Rowani From Several Locations in Java. Amplification of Genomic DNA by Us

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to determine the differences of four Telenomus species and five populations of T. rowani from several locations in Java. Amplification of genomic DNA by using primer P2 (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech) indicated that each Telenomus species had a unique set of RAPD bands. Two bands which characterized the genus are estimated to be 300 and 430 bp. Each species had three specific bright bands except T. dignoides which only had two specific bright bands. However, no bands are unique to any of the five populations of T. rowani and all of the bands are less than 500 base-pair. Cluster analysis using UPGMA (Unweighed Pair Group Method With Arithmatic Mean) showed that the four Telenomus species consist of two groups, T. rowani and T. remus in one cluster and T. dignus with T. dignoides belonging to another cluster

Pengaruh Ketiadaan Inang Terhadap Tanggap Reproduksi Trichogrammatoidea Armigera Nagaraja Dan Trichogramma Japonicum Ashmed (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatoidea) Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Penerimaan Inang

Trichogrammatoidea armigera and Trichogramma japonicum are polyphagous egg parastioids, that are important as natural enemies. The objective of this research was to study the effect of host deprivation on reproductive capacity of T. armigera and T. japonicum. This study consists of 8 treatments, host deprivation : 0 hour, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, and 48 hours. Host were replaced every 24 hours. Results showed there are difference with respect of how the two parasitoids respond to the treatment. Deprivation of host for 3 hours in T. armigera resulted in the increase of egg production and parasitism rate. After 12 and 24 hours of not encountering any hosts, the numbers of eggs produced drastically decreased. Treatment on T. japonicum resulted in the reaction of fecundity and parasitism rate overall. Forty eight hours of host deprivation resulted in death of both parasitoids species within 2 days. None of the parasitoids seems to produce any egg

Penyimpanan Suhu Rendah Berbagai Fase Hidup Parasitoid: Pengaruhnya Terhadap Parasitisasi Dan Kebugaran Trichogrammatoidea Armigera Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

T. armigera is one of the potential egg parasitoids. The aim of this research was to study the effects of low temperatures ( 9ºC and 15ºC) on the fitness of T. armigera. The design of the experiments is a factorial design with two factors (temperature and age of parasitoid), with 10 replicates. Fitness were measured based on the survival, fertility, size, sex ratio, lifespan and fecundity. Result showed that the emergence of T. armigera was postponed by 2-5 days under low temperatures. Temperatures had a more significant effect than age of parasitoid. The postponement of adult emergence is very useful in regard to field application schedules. Percentage of adults emergence, sex ratio, egg productivity, fecundity tended to decrease under low temperatures, the length of female adult wings varied in each treatment and it tended to be shorter in 9ºC, while the width of female adult heads was almost similar in all treatment except in untreated control. These characters are very important in determining the fitness of the parasitoid in the field

Keefektifan Telenomus Remus (Nixon) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) Dalam Mengendalikan Hama Tanaman Bawang Daun Spodoptera Exigua Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

The objective of this research is to study the effectiveness of T. remus as biocontrol agent for S. exigua. The study was conducted by releasing a set of T. remus females on potted onion plants that have been attacked by S. exigua. Three different parasitism level was artificially created by releasing different numbers of females: low rate parasitism (release of 4 adult females), moderate parasitism (7 females) and high parasitism level (11 females). The result of this study showed that T. remus is effective to control S. exigua population. Up to 48.2% of S. exigua. population was able to be suppressed by the high parasitism level. Rate of parasitisation was more when more adult female T. remus was released. Release of 11 adult female of T. remus can increase the population level of the parasitoid up to 24.1 times than the initial population. This express that T. remus is a mortality factor which can regulate the population of S. exigua. However, the succesfull parasitisation of T. remus is also dependent on environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, food, and host suitability

Keanekaragaman Dan Persebaran Lalat Buah Tribe Dacini (Diptera: Tephritidae) Di Kabupaten Bogor Dan Sekitarnya

Bogor and its surrounding area is known as one of the region in West Java that has high diversity of horticultural plants that may have an affect on fruit fly diversity. Research on fruit fly diversity is not merely provide information on the species richness of fruit flys but also provide information on its distribution and dispersion. The aim of this research was to investigate the diversity and distribution of fruit flies species and their hosts in Bogor and its surrounding area. Fruit flies were collected from 119 sampling areas in Bogor Cianjur, Bekasi and Depok. Fruit flies were sampled using two methods, i.e. host rearing and trapping. Traps were modified from Lynfield traps and combined with two different attractants, i.e. metil eugenol (ME) and Cue lure (CL). We found 18 species of fruit flies collected from traps and 24 host plants. The result showed that distribution, diversity and abundance of fruit flies was influenced by the diversity of host plants