904 research outputs found
Aging Logarithmic Conformal Field Theory : a holographic view
We consider logarithmic extensions of the correlation and response functions
of scalar operators for the systems with aging as well as Schr\"odinger
symmetry. Aging is known to be the simplest nonequilibrium phenomena, and its
physical significances can be understood by the two-time correlation and
response functions. Their logarithmic part is completely fixed by the bulk
geometry in terms of the conformal weight of the dual operator and the dual
particle number.
Motivated by recent experimental realizations of Kardar-Parisi-Zhang
universality class in growth phenomena and its subsequent theoretical extension
to aging, we investigate our two-time correlation functions out of equilibrium,
which show several qualitatively different behaviors depending on the
parameters in our theory. They exhibit either growing or aging, i.e. power-law
decaying, behaviors for the entire range of our scaling time. Surprisingly, for
some parameter ranges, they exhibit growing at early times as well as aging at
later times.Comment: 1+26 pages, 15 figure
Finite Temperature Aging Holography
We construct the gravity background which describes the dual field theory
with aging invariance. We choose the decay modes of the bulk scalar field in
the internal spectator direction to obtain the dissipative behavior of the
boundary correlation functions of the dual scalar fields. In particular, the
two-time correlation function at zero temperature has the characteristic
features of the aging system: power law decay, broken time translation and
dynamical scaling. We also construct the black hole backgrounds with asymptotic
aging invariance. We extensively study characteristic behavior of the finite
temperature two-point correlation function via analytic and numerical methods.Comment: 38 pages and 5 figures, expanded discussions on correlator, one
mistake is fixed, modified discussion on shear viscosity, to appear in JHE
Schr\"odinger Holography with and without Hyperscaling Violation
We study the properties of the Schr\"odinger-type non-relativistic holography
for general dynamical exponent z with and without hyperscaling violation
exponent \theta. The scalar correlation function has a more general form due to
general z as well as the presence of \theta, whose effects also modify the
scaling dimension of the scalar operator. We propose a prescription for minimal
surfaces of this "codimension 2 holography," and demonstrate the (d-1)
dimensional area law for the entanglement entropy from (d+3) dimensional
Schr\"odinger backgrounds. Surprisingly, the area law is violated for d+1 < z <
d+2, even without hyperscaling violation, which interpolates between the
logarithmic violation and extensive volume dependence of entanglement entropy.
Similar violations are also found in the presence of the hyperscaling
violation. Their dual field theories are expected to have novel phases for the
parameter range, including Fermi surface. We also analyze string theory
embeddings using non-relativistic branes.Comment: 62 pages and 6 figures, v2: several typos in section 5 corrected,
references added, v3: typos corrected, references added, published versio
Lifshitz/Schr\"odinger D-p-branes and dynamical exponents
We extend our earlier study of special double limits of `boosted'
black hole solutions to include all black D-branes of type II strings. We
find that Lifshitz solutions can be obtained in generality, with varied
dynamical exponents, by employing these limits. We then study such double
limits for `boosted' D-brane bubble solutions and find that the resulting
non-relativistic solutions instead describe Schr\"odinger like spacetimes,
having varied dynamical exponents. We get a simple map between these Lifshitz &
Schr\"odinger solutions and a relationship between two types of dynamical
exponents. We also discuss about the singularities of the Lifshitz solutions
and an intriguing thermodynamic duality.Comment: 20 pages; 3 figures; v3: similar to JHE
Quantum critical lines in holographic phases with (un)broken symmetry
All possible scaling IR asymptotics in homogeneous, translation invariant
holographic phases preserving or breaking a U(1) symmetry in the IR are
classified. Scale invariant geometries where the scalar extremizes its
effective potential are distinguished from hyperscaling violating geometries
where the scalar runs logarithmically. It is shown that the general critical
saddle-point solutions are characterized by three critical exponents (). Both exact solutions as well as leading behaviors are exhibited.
Using them, neutral or charged geometries realizing both fractionalized or
cohesive phases are found. The generic global IR picture emerging is that of
quantum critical lines, separated by quantum critical points which correspond
to the scale invariant solutions with a constant scalar.Comment: v3: 32+29 pages, 2 figures. Matches version published in JHEP.
Important addition of an exponent characterizing the IR scaling of the
electric potentia
Non-conformal Hydrodynamics in Einstein-dilaton Theory
In the Einestein-dilaton theory with a Liouville potential parameterized by
, we find a Schwarzschild-type black hole solution. This black hole
solution, whose asymptotic geometry is described by the warped metric, is
thermodynamically stable only for . Applying the gauge/gravity
duality, we find that the dual gauge theory represents a non-conformal thermal
system with the equation of state depending on . After turning on the
bulk vector fluctuations with and without a dilaton coupling, we calculate the
charge diffusion constant, which indicates that the life time of the quasi
normal mode decreases with . Interestingly, the vector fluctuation with
the dilaton coupling shows that the DC conductivity increases with temperature,
a feature commonly found in electrolytes.Comment: 27 pages and 2 figures, published in JHE
Unbalanced Holographic Superconductors and Spintronics
We present a minimal holographic model for s-wave superconductivity with
unbalanced Fermi mixtures, in 2+1 dimensions at strong coupling. The breaking
of a U(1)_A "charge" symmetry is driven by a non-trivial profile for a charged
scalar field in a charged asymptotically AdS_4 black hole. The chemical
potential imbalance is implemented by turning on the temporal component of a
U(1)_B "spin" field under which the scalar field is uncharged. We study the
phase diagram of the model and comment on the eventual (non) occurrence of
LOFF-like inhomogeneous superconducting phases. Moreover, we study "charge" and
"spin" transport, implementing a holographic realization (and a generalization
thereof to superconducting setups) of Mott's two-current model which provides
the theoretical basis of modern spintronics. Finally we comment on possible
string or M-theory embeddings of our model and its higher dimensional
generalizations, within consistent Kaluza-Klein truncations and brane-anti
brane setups.Comment: 45 pages, 15 figures; v2: two paragraphs below eq. (3.1) slightly
modified, figure 5 (left) replaced, references added; v3: typos corrected,
comments added, figure 12 replace
Lorentz violation, Gravity, Dissipation and Holography
We reconsider Lorentz Violation (LV) at the fundamental level. We show that
Lorentz Violation is intimately connected with gravity and that LV couplings in
QFT must always be fields in a gravitational sector. Diffeomorphism invariance
must be intact and the LV couplings transform as tensors under coordinate/frame
changes. Therefore searching for LV is one of the most sensitive ways of
looking for new physics, either new interactions or modifications of known
ones. Energy dissipation/Cerenkov radiation is shown to be a generic feature of
LV in QFT. A general computation is done in strongly coupled theories with
gravity duals. It is shown that in scale invariant regimes, the energy
dissipation rate depends non-triviallly on two characteristic exponents, the
Lifshitz exponent and the hyperscaling violation exponent.Comment: LateX, 51 pages, 9 figures. (v2) References and comments added.
Misprints correcte
Association of Blood Lead (Pb) and Plasma Homocysteine: A Cross Sectional Survey in Karachi, Pakistan
Background: High blood lead (Pb) and hyperhomocysteinemia have been found to be associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Mean blood Pb and mean plasma homocysteine levels have been reported to be high in Pakistani population. The objective of the present study was to assess the relationship of blood Pb to the risk of hyperhomocysteinemia in a low income urban population of Karachi, Pakistan. Methodology/Principal Findings: In a cross sectional survey, 872 healthy adults (355 males, 517 females, age 18-60 years) were recruited from a low income urban population of Karachi. Fasting venous blood was obtained and assessed for blood Pb and plasma/serum homocysteine, folate, pyridoxal phosphate (PLP, a coenzymic form of vitamin B6) and vitamin B12. The study population had median (IQR) blood Pb of 10.82 microg/dL (8.29-13.60). Prevalence of high blood Pb (levels\u3e10 microg/dL) was higher in males compared to females (62.5% males vs 56% females, p value=0.05). Mean+/-SD/median (IQR) value of plasma homocysteine was significantly higher in the highest quartile of blood Pb compared to the lowest quartile 16.13+/-11.2 micromol/L vs 13.28+/-9.7micromol/L/13.15 (10.33-17.81) micromol/L vs 11.09 (8.65 14.31) micromol/L (p valu
Severe gastric variceal haemorrhage due to splenic artery thrombosis and consecutive arterial bypass
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage is mainly caused by ulcers. Gastric varicosis due to portal hypertension can also be held responsible for upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Portal hypertension causes the development of a collateral circulation from the portal to the caval venous system resulting in development of oesophageal and gastric fundus varices. Those may also be held responsible for upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>In this study, we describe the case of a 69-year-old male with recurrent severe upper gastrointestinal bleeding caused by arterial submucosal collaterals due to idiopathic splenic artery thrombosis. The diagnosis was secured using endoscopic duplex ultrasound and angiography. The patient was successfully treated with a laparoscopic splenectomy and complete dissection of the short gastric arteries, resulting in the collapse of the submucosal arteries in the gastric wall. Follow-up gastroscopy was performed on the 12<sup>th </sup>postoperative week and showed no signs of bleeding and a significant reduction in the arterial blood flow within the gastric wall. Subsequent follow-up after 6 months also showed no further gastrointestinal bleeding as well as subjective good quality of life for the patient.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Submucosal arterial collaterals must be excluded by endosonography via endoscopy in case of recurrent upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Laparoscopic splenectomy provides adequate treatment in preventing any recurrent bleeding, if gastric arterial collaterals are caused by splenic artery thrombosis.</p
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