Correlation of Lipid Peroxidation with Glycated Haemoglobin Levels in Diabetes Mellitus

Reactive oxygen species are crucial to normal biological processes; they are potentially dangerous and are commonly referred to as prooxidants. The reactive oxygen intermediates can cause direct cellular injury by including lipid and protein peroxidation and damage to nucleic acid. The polyunsaturated fatty acids present in the cells are vulnerable to free radicals causing lipid peroxidation. Determination of Malondialdehyde (MDA) by using thiobarbituric acid is used as an index of the extent of lipid peroxidation. This study was done to know if lipid peroxidation correlated with the glycated haemoglobin levels. Diabetic status was assessed by estimating fasting blood sugar and glycated haemoglobin level while oxidant stress was evaluated by estimating erythrocyte MDA levels. The lipid peroxidation in erythrocyte lysates was significantly increased in diabetic individuals compared to controls (p<0.001). The result of this study indicates that in diabetic individuals are more prone to oxidative stress and glycated haemoglobin is a marker in evaluating the long term glycemic status in diabetic individuals

A Study on Proteolytic Enzyme Activity in the Erythrocytes of Diabetic Patients

The present study demonstrates the possibility of increased proteolytic activities in diabetic individuals. Proteolytic activity was measured by the amount of amino group released by the erythrocyte lysate of the diabetic individual using phenylhydrazine treated hemoglobin as substrate. The proteolytic activity in erythrocyte lysates against oxidatively damaged hemoglobin was significantly increased in diabetic individuals compared to controls (p<0.001).The result of this study indicates that in diabetic individuals, proteolytic enzymes degrade many oxidatively altered proteins preventing the accumulation of altered and damaged proteins in the cell

Correlation of serum fructosamine, erythrocyte Na+-K+ ATPase and glutathione peroxidase with HbA1c levels

Glycated hemoglobin is the frequently used test in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. However, because this test is affected by various factors and may not be accurate for patients of certain health conditions, the present study aims to explore the association between potential and cost-effective markers like serum Fructosamine, Erythrocyte Na+-K+ ATPase, and Glutathione peroxidase with altering levels of established marker HbA1c (Glycated haemoglobin). The study showed that serum Fructosamine has a statistically significant (P = &lt;0.0001) association with increasing levels of HbA1c as well as blood glucose. There was a 100% sensitivity and specificity for serum fructosamine test against HbA1c in ROC analysis, however, the erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase and erythrocyte membrane Na+-K+ ATPase activity was not affected by increasing HbA1c levels

Correlation of serum fructosamine, erythrocyte Na+-K+ ATPase and glutathione peroxidase with HbA1c levels

334-338Glycated hemoglobin is the frequently used test in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. However, because this test is affected by various factors and may not be accurate for patients of certain health conditions, the present study aims to explore the association between potential and cost-effective markers like serum Fructosamine, Erythrocyte Na+-K+ ATPase, and Glutathione peroxidase with altering levels of established marker HbA1c (Glycated haemoglobin). The study showed that serum Fructosamine has a statistically significant (P = <0.0001) association with increasing levels of HbA1c as well as blood glucose. There was a 100% sensitivity and specificity for serum fructosamine test against HbA1c in ROC analysis, however, the erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase and erythrocyte membrane Na+-K+ ATPase activity was not affected by increasing HbA1c levels

Association of serum nitric oxide, free beta human chorionic gonadotropin and body mass index in first trimester pregnancy

Background: Pregnancy is a state of oxidative stress which arises from increased placental mitochondrial activity and production of reactive nitrogen species mainly nitric oxide (NO). NO is a potent vasodilator, which have pronounced effects on placental function which includes proliferation and differentiation of trophoblast. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is secreted by the syncytiotrophoblas. During pregnancy, free βhCG level can be first detected in maternal blood from 11th day after conception. Increased in NO synthesis acts as endocrine modulator of the placenta which promote secretion of free β hCG. The objective of this study was to estimate and compare the levels of βhCG and NO with different groups of BMI of pregnant women in first trimester.Methods: The study group comprises of 85 pregnant women within the age of 20-40 years with singleton pregnancy (11th-13th week + 6 days of gestation) who came for routine first trimester screening. Serum levels of free β hCG was analyzed by electrochemiluminiscense. NO was measured by kinetic cadmium reduction method. Statistical analysis used: data was expressed as mean±SD and median. Comparisons between different groups of BMI were done using Kruskal Wallis test.Results: There was significantly increased level serum NO with the increase in BMI and significantly decrease in serum levels of (p>0.05) free βhCG. We found significant positive correlation between NO and βhCG (p>0.05, r value 0.01).Conclusions: Early placental formation requires high amounts of angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. Its initiation, maturation, and maintenance are of critical importance. Failure to placental formation can lead to preeclampsia and/or intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)

A Study on Proteolytic Enzyme Activity in the Erythrocytes of Diabetic Patients

The present study demonstrates the possibility of increased proteolytic activities in diabetic individuals. Proteolytic activity was measured by the amount of amino group released by the erythrocyte lysate of the diabetic individual using phenylhydrazine treated hemoglobin as substrate. The proteolytic activity in erythrocyte lysates against oxidatively damaged hemoglobin was significantly increased in diabetic individuals compared to controls (p<0.001).The result of this study indicates that in diabetic individuals, proteolytic enzymes degrade many oxidatively altered proteins preventing the accumulation of altered and damaged proteins in the cell

Correlation of Lipid Peroxidation with Glycated Haemoglobin Levels in Diabetes Mellitus

Reactive oxygen species are crucial to normal biological processes; they are potentially dangerous and are commonly referred to as prooxidants. The reactive oxygen intermediates can cause direct cellular injury by including lipid and protein peroxidation and damage to nucleic acid. The polyunsaturated fatty acids present in the cells are vulnerable to free radicals causing lipid peroxidation. Determination of Malondialdehyde (MDA) by using thiobarbituric acid is used as an index of the extent of lipid peroxidation. This study was done to know if lipid peroxidation correlated with the glycated haemoglobin levels. Diabetic status was assessed by estimating fasting blood sugar and glycated haemoglobin level while oxidant stress was evaluated by estimating erythrocyte MDA levels. The lipid peroxidation in erythrocyte lysates was significantly increased in diabetic individuals compared to controls (p<0.001). The result of this study indicates that in diabetic individuals are more prone to oxidative stress and glycated haemoglobin is a marker in evaluating the long term glycemic status in diabetic individuals