Éléments de spatialisation des systèmes d'élevage en montagne

Mon parcours scientifique (1985-2001) s'est déroulé sur trois terrains : les Andes centrales du Pérou, en tant que Volontaire de service national basé à l'IFEA (Institut français d'études andines) puis boursier de l'IRD (ex ORSTOM), l'Amérique centrale comme expert de coopération du ministère des Affaires étrangères basé au CATIE (Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza), le Massif central comme maître de conférences à l'ENITAC (École nationale d'ingénieurs des travaux ..

Environmental assessment of mountain grassland farms with mixed cattle systems: use of bioeconomic simulations

Management practices of cattle farming systems must be improved, particularly to increase the systems’ feed self-sufficiency, food production and environmental performances. In mountain areas of the Massif Central (central France), mixed dairy/suckler cattle systems enable farmers to use grassland resources better and cope with economic fluctuations. Our objective was to estimate levels of ecosystem services provided by mixed dairy/suckler cattle systems as a function of the degree of mixing, along with their greenhouse gas emissions and energy use when their operation is optimized on an economic basis. The hypothesis was that mixed dairy/suckler cattle systems allow for controlled use of biomass, with better environmental performances than specialized systems (pure dairy or suckler herd) by maintaining grassland ecosystem services. Five herd-distribution scenarios were simulated using the Orfee bioeconomic optimization model. Environmental performances of the five systems were assessed according to three functional units (i.e., per farm, ha and kg protein produced). Mixed dairy/suckler cattle systems, which enabled larger herds, had higher greenhouse gas emissions per ha than specialized systems. However, because dairy cows produce more protein (milk and beef) than suckler cows, specialized dairy systems had the lowest greenhouse gas emissions and energy use per kg of protein. Specialized dairy systems had less advantage when dairy cows had less access to grassland. For the production of both milk and beef, mixed dairy/suckler cattle systems favour more sustainable use of biomass and tend to maintain a better combination of levels of ecosystem services for livestock production than specialized cattle farming systems

The Changing Landscape for Stroke\ua0Prevention in AF: Findings From the GLORIA-AF Registry Phase 2

Background GLORIA-AF (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation) is a prospective, global registry program describing antithrombotic treatment patterns in patients with newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation at risk of stroke. Phase 2 began when dabigatran, the first non\u2013vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC), became available. Objectives This study sought to describe phase 2 baseline data and compare these with the pre-NOAC era collected during phase 1. Methods During phase 2, 15,641 consenting patients were enrolled (November 2011 to December 2014); 15,092 were eligible. This pre-specified cross-sectional analysis describes eligible patients\u2019 baseline characteristics. Atrial fibrillation disease characteristics, medical outcomes, and concomitant diseases and medications were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Of the total patients, 45.5% were female; median age was 71 (interquartile range: 64, 78) years. Patients were from Europe (47.1%), North America (22.5%), Asia (20.3%), Latin America (6.0%), and the Middle East/Africa (4.0%). Most had high stroke risk (CHA2DS2-VASc [Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age  6575 years, Diabetes mellitus, previous Stroke, Vascular disease, Age 65 to 74 years, Sex category] score  652; 86.1%); 13.9% had moderate risk (CHA2DS2-VASc = 1). Overall, 79.9% received oral anticoagulants, of whom 47.6% received NOAC and 32.3% vitamin K antagonists (VKA); 12.1% received antiplatelet agents; 7.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. For comparison, the proportion of phase 1 patients (of N = 1,063 all eligible) prescribed VKA was 32.8%, acetylsalicylic acid 41.7%, and no therapy 20.2%. In Europe in phase 2, treatment with NOAC was more common than VKA (52.3% and 37.8%, respectively); 6.0% of patients received antiplatelet treatment; and 3.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. In North America, 52.1%, 26.2%, and 14.0% of patients received NOAC, VKA, and antiplatelet drugs, respectively; 7.5% received no antithrombotic treatment. NOAC use was less common in Asia (27.7%), where 27.5% of patients received VKA, 25.0% antiplatelet drugs, and 19.8% no antithrombotic treatment. Conclusions The baseline data from GLORIA-AF phase 2 demonstrate that in newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients, NOAC have been highly adopted into practice, becoming more frequently prescribed than VKA in Europe and North America. Worldwide, however, a large proportion of patients remain undertreated, particularly in Asia and North America. (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation [GLORIA-AF]; NCT01468701

Eléments de spatialisation des systèmes d'élevage en montagne

National audienc

Entre geografía y zootecnia. Ejemplos de funcionamiento de sistemas ganaderos

Introducción Olivier Dollfus no ha estudiado directamente los sistemas ganaderos. Pero lo que sí ha hecho es participar en la orientación y en el seguimiento de estudios realizados por otrosinvestigadores; por este motivo he podido gozar ampliamente de su apoyo y de sus consejos cuando preparé en 1985-1988 mi tesis sobre los sistemas pastorales del valle del alto Cañete (Perú) y durante el transcurso de las investigaciones que proseguí posteriormente. La pertinencia de los puntos de vista de ..

Entre geografia y zootecnia: ejemplos de funcionamiento de sistemas ganaderos

International audienc

Data on 2341 grass fields from 100 mountain-area dairy farms in France: Agricultural uses and geographical characteristics

This article reports data collected by survey from 100 dairy farmers located in a mountainous area (France), including 72 farmers engaged in the traditional Salers system and 28 farmers engaged in a specialised dairy system. The questionnaire covered all uses of all grass fields during the entire outdoor period, considering ‘field’ as an area that was used in the same way throughout the entire period. Cutting dates, grazing dates, animal categories and numbers were recorded using a grazing and harvesting schedule. We also recorded key geographical and physical characteristics of each field, i.e. main slope, altitude, area, and distance from the farmstead. Each field in the presented database is thus described by 47 quantitative and qualitative variables

La gestion fourragère dans les élevages laitiers des Andes sèches : rationalité et performances

National audienceFor some fifteen years, dairy cattle farming has been considerably developing in various parts of the Andes. Milk is transformed into cheese or sold fresh, giving rural families a regular income which secures their food supply. The stock-rearing practices in these Andean dairying systems are unrecognized and are often considered, wrongly, as underperforming and inadequate. Eight families, belonging to a rural community in the dry parts of the Peruvian Andes (in Sinto), were monitored during a whole season; the analysis of their stock-rearing practices constituted the basis of this paper’s assessment of the forage management in use in these dairy farms subject to severe constraints. The allotment of cattle heads, the rotational grazing of irrigated lucerne pastures by the cows in milk, the availability of huge rangelands, and the swapping of foggage make it possible for the Sinto farmers to produce milk all the year round, in spite of their very dry climate. The amount of milk produced in each family and its regularity during the year depend narrowly however on the area of irrigated land to which they have access. The low milk performances per cow are no obstacle to a good output per hectare of lucerne, which corresponds to both an optimal use of the main limiting factor and to a good risk management.Le suivi de 8 familles d’une communauté paysanne des Andes péruviennes sèches (Sinto) et l’analyse de leurs pratiques d’élevage constituent le support de la réflexion menée sur la cohérence de la gestion fourragère de ces élevages laitiers soumis à de fortes contraintes. L’allotement des bovins, le pâturage tournant des luzernières irriguées par les vaches laitières, le recours aux parcours et les échanges de fourrages sur pied permettent de produire du lait toute l’année dans un climat très sec. Le volume de lait produit par une famille et sa régularité sur une campagne sont liés à la superficie de foncier irrigué à laquelle elle a accès. Les faibles performances par vache n’empêchent pas l’obtention de bons rendements laitiers par hectare de luzerne, principal facteur limitant, et une gestion des risques

Suffit-il d'afficher le caractère fermier d'un fromage pour assurer sa préservation et son devenir? Eléments d'analyse comparée du Saint-Nectaire fermier et du comté de fruitière

National audienc