Specific Heat and Transport “Anomalies” in Mixed Alkali Glasses

We show that changes in the relative mole fractions of Li2O and Na2O in alkali metaphosphate glasses lead to “anomalies” in the specific heat and structural relaxations. The heat capacity change between the liquid and glassy states, Δcp(Tg), at the calorimetric glass transition temperature, Tg, exhibits a minimum when the mole fractions of Li2O and Na2O are comparable. Moreover, systematic changes in the temperature dependence of the viscosity, η, i.e., changes in the “fragility” of the system, accompany these changes in mole fraction. This observed dependence of the “fragility” on the mixed alkali ion composition occurs in the absence of apparent changes in the covalent network connectivity which normally accounts for this behavior in glasses

The enemy of my enemy is my friend? Comparing Soviet and Anglo-American discourse on human rights and dissidents 1964-1991

Western discourse on Soviet dissidents like Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, and Western politicians and journalists’ citation of them as evidence of liberal individualism’s inevitable triumph against communist totalitarianism, is interpreted by historians as having been integral to the Cold War’s ideological conflict. However, this thesis demonstrates that the USSR was equally interested in depicting left-wing political figures in the West as dissidents who were evidence of capitalism’s unpopularity and socialism’s inevitable universal rise. This Soviet propaganda narrative primarily focused on figures from the Western New Left and trade unions. To counter the criticism Moscow received from the 1960s onwards for its abuse of Soviet dissidents’ human rights, Soviet media utilised an interpretation of human rights that emphasised the centrality of labour rights. Soviet discourse depicted protesting New Leftists and striking trade unionists as dissidents who were the victims of Western anti-socialist state repression. Historians have only recently begun to study this aspect of Cold War history, and this thesis provides a new comprehensive study that reveals how the Soviet state invested significant media and diplomatic resources in building a narrative that depicted the West as the Cold War’s worse abuser of human rights. By comparatively analysing Western and Soviet political discourse during 1964-91, making particular use of EastView’s archives of Soviet newspapers and journals alongside other contemporary sources, this thesis presents findings that have important implications to historians’ understandings of the Cold War. Particularly, they support the case increasingly made by scholars that Cold War history should be read forwards, rather than backwards from the vantage points of 1989 or 1991, to fully appreciate the complex development of the conflict by highlighting how human rights were a contested concept despite the eventual dominance of the Western interpretation post-1991 while also highlighting overlooked debate among Soviet elites and oppositionists over Western dissent

XR in Aviation Training: Insight from Academia, Industry, and Non-Profit Institutions

The COVID-19 pandemic had a profound impact on education and training. Institutions that relied heavily on face-to-face instruction suddenly needed alternative modalities to keep students on course, forcing educators and trainers to employ a variety of educational techniques via technologies that they may not have had experience with. This shift has brought the advantages – and disadvantages – of augmented, mixed, and virtual reality technologies (collectively, extended reality or XR) for education and training into sharp focus. Programs were quickly assembled, and not always with consideration of learning theories. As learning and training were resumed in in-person settings, academics and industry alike were faced with a new challenge: How do we continue to develop XR technologies to leverage efficiencies and expand opportunities without sacrificing learning and training outcomes? This question has brought researchers, practitioners, developers, and innovators together into an XR Research Consortium to advocate for the design, evaluation, implementation, and sharing of findings of XR technology in a variety of learning and training environments. Although many of the members have a background in aviation and aerospace, a goal of the Consortium is to expand into other industries and promote XR technologies as educational tools. Members of the Consortium will discuss: Current research, gaps in the research, potential for XR Using XR to make learning/training more accessible Choosing an XR technology that aligns with learning/training outcomes Cybersecurity considerations of XR in a learning/training environment Demonstrations of XR applications for training will be included. The session will include time for an open discussion

Peasant studies Volume 9 Number 1 Fall 1981

journal articleTABLE OF CONTENTS A Reconsideration o f the "Peasantry " of Nineteenth-Century France, Peter McPhee; Some Problems in the Analysis o f Agrarian Classes in South Asia, James Brow; Change and Transformation in Highland Peru, David Guillet; Peasants and Community Development: The Ethiopian Experience, 1957-1974, Seleshi Sisaye and Eileen Stommes

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Investigation of the Structures of Phosphate and Phosphate-containing Glasses: A Review

This paper presents a review of the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data for phosphate and phosphate-containing glasses obtained primarily within the past 10 years and of the structural interpretations based on those data. Compositions discussed include P2O5, alkali and alkaline earth phosphates, aluminophosphates, borophosphates, fluorophosphates, and phosphate-containing silicate and aluminosilicate glasses. 31P NMR data, in conjunction with 27Al, 29Si, 11B, 7Li, and 23Na data if appropriate, have proven very powerful in providing direct evidence about the local structural environments present in the these materials and in many cases have allowed interpretation of the physical and chemical behavior of these glasses in terms of polyhedral structures. © 1995

Local Structure of XAl₂O₃·(1 - X)NaPO3 Glasses. an NMR and XPS Study

Phosphate glasses are of interest because of their potential applicability in high-expansion, low-temperature glass-to-metal seals. However, their generally poor chemical durabilities limit their usefulness. Addition of Al2O3 to sodium phosphate glass has long been known to improve its aqueous durability. A series of xAl2O3·(1 - x)NaPO3 glasses were prepared and characterized by magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) spectroscopy and by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)