Offset effect on the S-Bend structure losses and optimization of its size for integrated optics

The S-Bend structures are heavily exploited to join optical components. Reducing the power loss caused by the curve is the main objective in the design step of these components. However integrated optical circuits require S-Bend waveguide to be low loss and compact sized. In this paper, we present a contribution to link the curved structure to the straight waveguide by using the simulated bend function available in the Beam propagation tool of the Rsoft commercial software package. Simulation results confirm that this approach allows a reduction of the size of the curved structure with offset with relatively minimum of losses for photonic field

Split Federated Learning for 6G Enabled-Networks: Requirements, Challenges and Future Directions

Sixth-generation (6G) networks anticipate intelligently supporting a wide range of smart services and innovative applications. Such a context urges a heavy usage of Machine Learning (ML) techniques, particularly Deep Learning (DL), to foster innovation and ease the deployment of intelligent network functions/operations, which are able to fulfill the various requirements of the envisioned 6G services. Specifically, collaborative ML/DL consists of deploying a set of distributed agents that collaboratively train learning models without sharing their data, thus improving data privacy and reducing the time/communication overhead. This work provides a comprehensive study on how collaborative learning can be effectively deployed over 6G wireless networks. In particular, our study focuses on Split Federated Learning (SFL), a technique recently emerged promising better performance compared with existing collaborative learning approaches. We first provide an overview of three emerging collaborative learning paradigms, including federated learning, split learning, and split federated learning, as well as of 6G networks along with their main vision and timeline of key developments. We then highlight the need for split federated learning towards the upcoming 6G networks in every aspect, including 6G technologies (e.g., intelligent physical layer, intelligent edge computing, zero-touch network management, intelligent resource management) and 6G use cases (e.g., smart grid 2.0, Industry 5.0, connected and autonomous systems). Furthermore, we review existing datasets along with frameworks that can help in implementing SFL for 6G networks. We finally identify key technical challenges, open issues, and future research directions related to SFL-enabled 6G networks

Джеспилиты Ингулецкого месторождения и продукты их гипергенного изменения в связи с проблемой усовершенствования технологии переработки труднообогатимых железных руд

Mineralogical, geochemical and spectroscopic characteristics of hardly enrichable ferruginous quartzites of the Krivoy Rog iron ore basin are discussed. The results of the study of mineral and chemical composition, assortment and content of microelements, and crystallochemistry of iron are considered. The results of pioneer experiments on thermo magnetization of the ore in order to create a scientific background for improving the processing technology of different iron ore and iron aluminum materials.Обсуждаются минералого-геохимические и спектроскопические особенности труднообогатимых железистых кварцитов из Криворожского железорудного бассейна. Рассмотрены результаты изучения минерального и химического состава, ассортимента и содержания микроэлементов, кристаллохимии железа. Приведены данные пионерских экспериментов по термоомагничиванию руд в целях создания научных предпосылок для совершенствования технологии переработки в настоящее время выбраковывающегося железорудного и железоалюминиевого сырья

One-pot total chemical synthesis of human α-synuclein

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) regulate key aspects of the physiological and pathogenic properties of Parkinson's disease-associated presynaptic protein α-synuclein. We herein describe a one-pot total chemical synthesis that should enable site-specific introduction of single or multiple PTMs or small molecule probes essentially at any site within the protein

Switch peptide via Staudinger reaction

A new transformation based on the Staudinger reaction is described, and its application in the design of a novel switch element to control peptide folding is demonstrated. We found that the azide switch is activated rapidly in water to promote acyl transfer using tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride (TCEP) via the Staudinger reaction. Our findings expand the repertoire of uses of the Staudinger reaction in chemical biology and the number of available triggers for use in switch peptides