Centro cívico socio-cultural para el desarrollo sostenible del distrito de Ayacucho, provincia Huamanga, Ayacucho, 2020

En el presente proyecto de tesis se propone un “Centro cívico socio cultural para el desarrollo sostenible del distrito Ayacucho, Huamanga, Ayacucho, 2020”. La temática seleccionada pertenece al ámbito de la arquitectura sociocultural y sostenible. Proyecto que promoverá la participación de la comunidad en el desarrollo de actividades culturales, educativas y capacitación para el desarrollo económico de la comunidad, fomentando la inclusión social, la equidad de oportunidades para el desarrollo sostenible del distrito Ayacucho, Huamanga, Ayacucho. Así mismo será importante el rol de los espacios públicos en el ámbito social. Para el desarrollo del proyecto, considerando las características de la idiosincrasia del pueblo ayacuchano, heredero de una cultura ancestral que ha permitido el desarrollo de las artes, siendo necesaria un foco de desarrollo que impulse el cambio en las actividades productivas para pasar de región productora de artesanías a región exportadora producto de una sociedad del conocimiento. Luego del análisis territorial y Urbano, se realizó la programación arquitectónica que asentirá satisfacer las necesidades de espacios públicos y culturales que existen en la zona, de esta manera se proporcionara un equipamiento urbano que fomente la integración social y enriquezca la identidad cultural de la comunidad. El proyecto contará con una biblioteca, un auditorio y salas de exposición para la difusión de la cultura y la producción, hemeroteca, salas de usos múltiples para la capacitación ciudadana, restaurante para el arte culinario ayacuchano entre otros ambientes que transformen a este equipamiento en un espacio importante de interacción social

eNose breath prints as a surrogate biomarker for classifying patients with asthma by atopy

Background: Electronic noses (eNoses) are emerging point-of-care tools that may help in the subphenotyping of chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma. Objective: We aimed to investigate whether eNoses can classify atopy in pediatric and adult patients with asthma. Methods: Participants with asthma and/or wheezing from 4 independent cohorts were included; BreathCloud participants (n = 429), Unbiased Biomarkers in Prediction of Respiratory Disease Outcomes adults (n = 96), Unbiased Biomarkers in Prediction of Respiratory Disease Outcomes pediatric participants (n = 100), and Pharmacogenetics of Asthma Medication in Children: Medication with Anti-Inflammatory Effects 2 participants (n = 30). Atopy was defined as a positive skin prick test result (≥3 mm) and/or a positive specific IgE level (≥0.35 kU/L) for common allergens. Exhaled breath profiles were measured by using either an integrated eNose platform or the SpiroNose. Data were divided into 2 training and 2 validation sets according to the technology used. Supervised data analysis involved the use of 3 different machine learning algorithms to classify patients with atopic versus nonatopic asthma with reporting of areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves as a measure of model performance. In addition, an unsupervised approach was performed by using a bayesian network to reveal data-driven relationships between eNose volatile organic compound profiles and asthma characteristics. Results: Breath profiles of 655 participants (n = 601 adults and school-aged children with asthma and 54 preschool children with wheezing [68.2% of whom were atopic]) were included in this study. Machine learning models utilizing volatile organic compound profiles discriminated between atopic and nonatopic participants with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of at least 0.84 and 0.72 in the training and validation sets, respectively. The unsupervised approach revealed that breath profiles classifying atopy are not confounded by other patient characteristics. Conclusion: eNoses accurately detect atopy in individuals with asthma and wheezing in cohorts with different age groups and could be used in asthma phenotyping

Targeted exhaled breath analysis for detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis patients

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is an important respiratory pathogen for cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Routine microbiology surveillance is time-consuming, and is best performed on expectorated sputum. As alternative, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may be indicative of PA colonisation. In this study, we aimed to identify VOCs associated with PA in literature and perform targeted exhaled breath analysis to recognize PA positive CF patients non-invasively. Methods: This study consisted of 1) a literature review to select VOCs of interest, and 2) a cross-sectional CF study. Definitions used: A) PA positive, PA culture at visit/chronically; B) PA free, no PA culture in ≥12 months. Exhaled VOCs were identified via quadrupole MS. The primary endpoint was the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROCC) of individual VOCs as well as combined VOCs against PA culture. Results: 241 VOCs were identified in literature, of which 56 were further evaluated, and 13 could be detected in exhaled breath in our cohort. Exhaled breath of 25 pediatric and 28 adult CF patients, PA positive (n=16) and free (n=28) was available. 3/13 VOCs were significantly (p<0.05) different between PA groups in children; none were in adults. Notably, a composite model based on 5 or 1 VOC(s) showed an AUROCC of 0.86 (CI 0.71–1.0) and 0.87 (CI 0.72–1.0) for adults and children, respectively. Conclusions: Targeted VOC analysis appears to discriminate children and adults with and without PA positive cultures with clinically acceptable sensitivity values

Implementation of a workplace smoking ban in bars: The limits of local discretion

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In January 1998, the California state legislature extended a workplace smoking ban to bars. The purpose of this study was to explore the conditions that facilitate or hinder compliance with a smoking ban in bars.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We studied the implementation of the smoking ban in bars by interviewing three sets of policy participants: bar employers responsible for complying with the law; local government officials responsible for enforcing the law; and tobacco control activists who facilitated implementation. We transcribed the interviews and did a qualitative analysis of the text.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The conditions that facilitated bar owners' compliance with a smoking ban in bars included: if the cost to comply was minimal; if the bars with which they were in competition were in compliance with the smoking ban; and if there was authoritative, consistent, coordinated, and uniform enforcement. Conversely, the conditions that hindered compliance included: if the law had minimal sanctions; if competing bars in the area allowed smoking; and if enforcement was delayed or inadequate.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Many local enforcers wished to forfeit their local discretion and believed the workplace smoking ban in bars would be best implemented by a state agency. The potential implication of this study is that, given the complex nature of local politics, smoking bans in bars are best implemented at a broader provincial or national level.</p

Targeted exhaled breath analysis for detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis patients

Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is an important respiratory pathogen for cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Routine microbiology surveillance is time-consuming, and is best performed on expectorated sputum. As alternative, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may be indicative of PA colonisation. In this study, we aimed to identify VOCs associated with PA in literature and perform targeted exhaled breath analysis to recognize PA positive CF patients non-invasively. Methods This study consisted of 1) a literature review to select VOCs of interest, and 2) a cross-sectional CF study. Definitions used: A) PA positive, PA culture at visit/chronically; B) PA free, no PA culture in ≥12 months. Exhaled VOCs were identified via quadrupole MS. The primary endpoint was the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROCC) of individual VOCs as well as combined VOCs against PA culture. Results 241 VOCs were identified in literature, of which 56 were further evaluated, and 13 could be detected in exhaled breath in our cohort. Exhaled breath of 25 pediatric and 28 adult CF patients, PA positive (n=16) and free (n=28) was available. 3/13 VOCs were significantly (p<0.05) different between PA groups in children; none were in adults. Notably, a composite model based on 5 or 1 VOC(s) showed an AUROCC of 0.86 (CI 0.71–1.0) and 0.87 (CI 0.72–1.0) for adults and children, respectively. Conclusions Targeted VOC analysis appears to discriminate children and adults with and without PA positive cultures with clinically acceptable sensitivity values

A Deeper Dive into the Cookbook Buyer: An Analysis of BookNet Canada Data and the Cookbook Industry

Publishers rely on accurate sales data to make informed decisions about the books they publish, but how useful can that data be when the reporting systems that create it are incomplete? This report takes a granular look at the Canadian cookbook industry through the sales reporting and consumer surveys provided by BookNet Canada to see how accurately those systems reflect the reality of cookbook sales in Canada. Cookbooks are one of many specialty genres in the publishing spectrum that have unique sales channel distributions, which makes it difficult to make sweeping generalizations about their consumers. By transposing information from BookNet Canada’s SalesData and Deep Dive reports with Penguin Random House’s internal data to illuminate discrepancies, this report provides a more holistic snapshot of the genre and its consumers. It is a direct response to a 2016 report from BookNet Canada called The Deep Dive: The Cookbook Buyer

Tracing Breath

A Collective Assemblage of Notes, Quotes, Pictures, Sounds and Movement By Renata Gaspar, Erica Böhr, Stephanie Hanna, Alia Zapparova and Frauke Ebert. With windows wide open, air draft around us, a piano between us, we five sat in our different corners of the space, keeping distance, in order not to breathe each other’s breath. More than ever before, the continuous encounter and exchange of breath are palpable, accompanied by the endeavor to avoid as much as possible to breathe ..