50 research outputs found
Optical Light Curves of Supernovae
Photometry is the most easily acquired information about supernovae. The
light curves constructed from regular imaging provide signatures not only for
the energy input, the radiation escape, the local environment and the
progenitor stars, but also for the intervening dust. They are the main tool for
the use of supernovae as distance indicators through the determination of the
luminosity. The light curve of SN 1987A still is the richest and longest
observed example for a core-collapse supernova. Despite the peculiar nature of
this object, as explosion of a blue supergiant, it displayed all the
characteristics of Type II supernovae. The light curves of Type Ib/c supernovae
are more homogeneous, but still display the signatures of explosions in massive
stars, among them early interaction with their circumstellar material. Wrinkles
in the near-uniform appearance of thermonuclear (Type Ia) supernovae have
emerged during the past decade. Subtle differences have been observed
especially at near-infrared wavelengths. Interestingly, the light curve shapes
appear to correlate with a variety of other characteristics of these
supernovae. The construction of bolometric light curves provides the most
direct link to theoretical predictions and can yield sorely needed constraints
for the models. First steps in this direction have been already made.Comment: To be published in:"Supernovae and Gamma Ray Bursters", Lecture Notes
in Physics (http://link.springer.de/series/lnpp
Classification of Supernovae
The current classification scheme for supernovae is presented. The main
observational features of the supernova types are described and the physical
implications briefly addressed. Differences between the homogeneous
thermonuclear type Ia and similarities among the heterogeneous core collapse
type Ib, Ic and II are highlighted. Transforming type IIb, narrow line type
IIn, supernovae associated with GRBs and few peculiar objects are also
discussed.Comment: 16 Pages, 4 figures, to be published in "Supernovae and Gamma-Ray
Bursters," ed. Kurt W. Weile
Supernova Interaction with a Circumstellar Medium
The explosion of a core collapse supernova drives a powerful shock front into
the wind from the progenitor star. A layer of shocked circumstellar gas and
ejecta develops that is subject to hydrodynamic instabilities. The hot gas can
be observed directly by its X-ray emission, some of which is absorbed and
re-radiated at lower frequencies by the ejecta and the circumstellar gas.
Synchrotron radiation from relativistic electrons accelerated at the shock
fronts provides information on the mass loss density if free-free absorption
dominates at early times or the size of the emitting region if synchrotron
self-absorption dominates. Analysis of the interaction leads to information on
the density and structure of the ejecta and the circumstellar medium, and the
abundances in these media. The emphasis here is on the physical processes
related to the interaction.Comment: 22 pages, 7 figures, to appear as a Chapter in "Supernovae and
Gamma-Ray Bursts," edited by K. W. Weiler (Springer-Verlag
Qualidade fisiológica e sanitåria de sementes de amendoim durante o processo de produção
Naturally and Artificially Drought-Induced Small-Plants within the Pure-Line Runner-Type Peanut Cultivar âGeorgia-10Tâ
Comparison of Trimble GreenSeeker and Crop Circle (Model ACS-210) Reflectance Meters for Assessment of Severity of Late Leaf Spot
Clinical outcomes of intravenous immune globulin in severe clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea
Objectives: Our objective was to determine if use of intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) decreases the incidence of mortality, colectomies, and length of stay in the hospital in patients presenting with severe Clostridium dfficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD)