L'Iran, l'énergie et les marchés

Depuis la guerre du Golfe, les délégations étrangères se succèdent à Téhéran, et, dans toutes, figure au moins un expert en questions énergétiques : non seulement l'Iran est devenu la puissance régionale depuis la chute de l'Irak mais surtout il est probablement un producteur énergétique primordial pour le début du XXIe siècle

Retour sur la Mission d’information parlementaire française sur les événements de Srebrenica (2001)

A lumière de son expérience de député, Pierre Brana analyse le travail de la Mission d’information parlementaire française sur Srebrenica au regard des logiques propres à un tel dispositif parlementaire, qui tiennent notamment à la distinction entre commission d’enquête et mission d’information. Ce travail parlementaire est soumis à de fortes contraintes (temporelles, d’élaboration collective, etc.) et bénéficie d’un faible pouvoir d’investigation, d’où certaines de ses limites. Le rapport porte d’ailleurs la trace des désaccords entre parlementaires, notamment de ceux de l’auteur avec ses collègues. Bien que la culture d’investigation et l’intérêt pour les affaires internationales soient encore insuffisants chez les élus (jusqu’en 1997, les affaires étrangères échappaient à toute mission de ce type), ce genre de commission contribue néanmoins au développement d’une culture de la critique.Based on his experience as a Member of Parliament, Pierre Brana analyses the work of the French Parliamentary Mission of Information on Srebrenica from the perspective of the parliamentary arena and its inner logic, which clearly makes the distinction between the inquiry commission and the mission of information. This parliamentary work is submitted to strong constraints (such as those relating to time, collective work, among others) and has little power of investigation, hence its limits. The report also reflects the disagreements between different Members of Parliament, and specially those concerning the author and his colleagues. Although the culture of investigation and the interest for international matters is still limited among the Members of Parliament, (until 1997 foreign policy matters were not related to such commissions), this kind of commission contributes in spite of all to the development of a culture of critique

Pooled Safety Analysis of Single-Agent Lurbinectedin in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumours

Lurbinectedin; Phase II; Pooled safetyLurbinectedina; Fase II; Seguretat conjuntaLurbinectedina; Fase II; Seguridad conjuntaBackground Lurbinectedin was approved by FDA and other health regulatory agencies for treating adults with metastatic small cell lung cancer (SCLC) with disease progression on or after platinum-based chemotherapy. Safety profile at approved dose (3.2 mg/m2 every 3 weeks) was acceptable and manageable in 105 adult SCLC patients from a phase II basket trial. This study analyses safety data from several solid tumours treated at the lurbinectedin-approved dose. Methods Data were pooled from 554 patients: 335 from all nine tumour-specific cohorts of the phase II basket trial and 219 from a randomised phase III trial (CORAIL) in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. Events and laboratory abnormalities were graded using NCI-CTCAE v.4. Results Most common tumours were ovarian (n = 219, 40%), SCLC (n = 105, 19%) and endometrial (n = 73, 13%). Transient haematological laboratory abnormalities were the most frequent grade 3 or more events: neutropenia (41%), leukopenia (30%), anaemia (17%) and thrombocytopenia (10%). Most common treatment-emergent non-haematological events (any grade) were transient transaminase increases (alanine aminotransferase [66%], aspartate aminotransferase [53%]), fatigue (63%), nausea (57%), constipation (32%), vomiting (30%) and decreased appetite (25%). Dose reductions were mostly due to haematological toxicities, but most patients (79%) remained on full lurbinectedin dose. Serious events mostly consisted of haematological disorders. Eighteen treatment discontinuations (3%) and seven deaths (1%) were due to treatment-related events. Conclusions This analysis confirms a manageable safety profile for lurbinectedin in patients with advanced solid tumours. Findings are consistent with those reported in patients with relapsed SCLC, Ewing sarcoma, germline BRCA1/2 metastatic breast cancer, neuroendocrine tumours and ovarian cancer.The trials were funded by Pharma Mar SA, including grants from the Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnológico Industrial (CDTI) during the conduct of the study

Safety and Efficacy of Durvalumab With or Without Tremelimumab in Patients With PD-L1-Low/Negative Recurrent or Metastatic HNSCC The Phase 2 CONDOR Randomized Clinical Trial

IMPORTANCE: Dual blockade of programmed death ligand 1(PD-L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) may overcome immune checkpoint inhibition. It is unknown whether dual blockade can potentiate antitumor activity without compromising safety in patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC) and low or no PD-L1 tumor cell expression. OBJECTIVE :To assess safety and objective response rate of durvalumab combined with tremelimumab. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The CONDOR study was a phase 2, randomized, open-label study of Durvalumab, Tremelimumab, and Durvalumab in Combination With Tremelimumab in Patients With R/M HNSCC. Eligibility criteria included PD-L1-low/negative disease that had progressed after 1 platinum-containing regimen in the R/M setting. Patients were randomized (N = 267) from April 15, 2015, to March 16, 2016, at 127 sites in North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific. INTERVENTIONS: Durvalumab (20 mg/kg every 4 weeks) + tremelimumab (1 mg/kg every 4 weeks) for 4 cycles, followed by durvalumab (10 mg/kg every 2 weeks), or durvalumab (10 mg/kg every 2 weeks) monotherapy, or tremelimumab (10 mg/kg every 4 weeks for 7 doses then every 12 weeks for 2 doses) monotherapy. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Safety and tolerability and efficacy measured by objective response rate. RESULTS: Among the 267 patients (220 men [82.4%]), median age (range) of patients was 61.0 (23-82) years. Grade 3/4 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 21 patients (15.8%) treated with durvalumab + tremelimumab, 8 (12.3%) treated with durvalumab, and 11 (16.9%) treated with tremelimumab. Grade 3/4 immune-mediated adverse events occurred in 8 patients (6.0%) in the combination arm only. Objective response rate (95% CI) was 7.8% (3.78%1339%) in the combination arm (n =129), 9.2% (3.46%-19.02%) for durvalumab monotherapy (n = 65), and 1.6% (0.04%-8.53%) for tremelimumab monotherapy (n = 63); median overall survival (95% CI) for all patients treated was 7.6 (4.9-10.6), 6.0 (4.0-11.3), and 5.5 (3.9-7.0) months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In patients with R/M HNSCC and low or no PD-Lt tumor cell expression, all 3 regimens exhibited a manageable toxicity profile. Durvalumab and durvalumab + tremelimumab resulted in clinical benefit, with minimal observed difference between the two. A phase 3 study is under way

L'Iran, l'énergie et les marchés

Brana Pierre. L'Iran, l'énergie et les marchés. In: CEMOTI, n°13, 1992. L'immigration turque en France et en Allemagne. pp. 185-191

Srebrenica 1995

Les enquêtes diligentées par le TPIY et les rapports qui en sont issus sont ici l'objet d'analyses croisées portant à la fois sur l'écriture de l'histoire d'un événement traumatique, sur la détermination des responsabilités criminelles, politiques et morales et, enfin, sur la construction d'un débat public en matière de politique étrangère. The 11th of July 1995, the enclave and the city of Srebrenica in Bosnia-Herzegovina falls into the hands of the nationalist forces of General Mladic. They immediately organize the forceful transfer of the women and children and massacre more than 7 500 men. The enclave had however been officially proclaimed « safe area » by the UN and, as a consequence, its population had theoretically been placed under the protection of the international community. Following this massacre, the International Criminal Tribunal for ex-Yugoslavia has conducted investigations and several debates and reports have been commissioned by the international and state institutions involved in the unfolding of the tragic events: Bosnia-Herzegovina (1996), the UN (1999), France (2001), the Netherlands (2002), Republika Srpska (2004). For the first time, in this issue of Cultures & Conflits, these inquiries and reports are cross-analysed. The contributions focus on the meaning of writing the history of an event of such gravity, on the identification of criminal, political and moral liabilities and on the construction of a public debate on foreign policy issues

L’immigration turque en France et en Allemagne

Numéro consacré à ces deux communautés turques, l'une, en Allemagne, nombreuse (environ 1 600 000 personnes) et l'autre, en France, en croissance rapide (entre 200 et 250 000). Analyse comparée de leurs modes d'intégration et des problèmes qu'elles rencontrent, notamment en raison de la montée du racisme, le rôle des associations politiques et religieuses, l'évolution des envois de fonds des travailleurs immigrés. Comment, compte tenu de leur hétérogénéité sociale, culturelle (Turcs et Kurdes..

Cancer Core Europe: Leveraging Institutional Synergies to Advance Oncology Research and Care Globally.

Cancer Core Europe brings together the expertise, resources, and interests of seven leading cancer institutes committed to leveraging collective innovation and collaboration in precision oncology. Through targeted efforts addressing key medical challenges in cancer and partnerships with multiple stakeholders, the consortium seeks to advance cancer research and enhance equitable patient care