Gender mainstreaming in the context of Europe, Central Asia and the CIS: regional challenges

OBJECTIVES: To assess if continuous topical glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) treatment improves outcome in patients with chronic patellar tendinopathy when compared with eccentric training alone. METHODS: Randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial comparing a 12-week programme of using a GTN or placebo patch in combination with eccentric squats on a decline board. Measurements were performed at baseline, 6, 12 and 24 weeks. Primary outcome measure was the Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment-Patella (VISA-P) questionnaire. Secondary outcome measures were patient satisfaction and pain scores during sports. Generalised estimated equation was used to analyse the treatment, time and treatment×time effect. Analyses were performed following the intention-to-treat principle. RESULTS: VISA-P scores for both groups improved over the study period to 75.0±16.2 and 80.7±22.1 at 24 weeks. Results showed a significant effect for time (p<0.01) but no effect for treatment×time (p=0.80). Mean Visual Analogue Scores pain scores during sports for both groups increased over the study period to 6.6±3 and 7.8±3.1. Results showed a significant effect for time (p<0.01) but no effect for treatment×time (p=0.38). Patient satisfaction showed no difference between GTN and placebo groups (p=0.25) after 24 weeks, but did show a significant difference over time (p=0.01). Three patients in the GTN group reported some rash. CONCLUSION: It seems that continuous topical GTN treatment in addition to an eccentric exercise programme does not improve clinical outcome compared to placebo patches and an eccentric exercise programme in patients with chronic patellar tendinopathy

Other-Condemning Anger = Blaming Accountable Agents for Frustrated Intentions

National audienceThis paper provides a formalization of the other-condemning anger emotion which is a social type of anger triggered by the behaviour of other agents. Other-condemning anger responds to frustration of committed goals by others, and motivates goal-congruent behavior towards the blameworthy agents. Understanding this type of anger is crucial for modelling human behavior in social settings as well as designing socially aware artificial systems. We utilize existing psychological theories on other-condemning anger and propose a logical framework to formally specify this emotion. The logical framework is based on dynamic multi-agent logic with graded cognitive attitudes