37 research outputs found
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Comparisons of the factor structure and measurement invariance of the Spence children’s anxiety scale - parent version in children with autism spectrum disorder and typically developing anxious children
The Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale - Parent version (SCAS-P) is often used to assess anxiety in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), however, little is known about the validity of the tool in this population. The aim of this study was to determine whether the SCAS-P has the same factorial validity in a sample of young people with ASD (n=285), compared to a sample of typically developing young people with anxiety disorders (n=224). Poor model fit with all of the six hypothesised models precluded invariance testing. Exploratory factor analysis indicated that different anxiety phenomenology characterises the two samples. The findings suggest that cross-group comparisons between ASD and anxious samples based on the SCAS-P scores may not always be appropriat
Pest-Suppression Potential of Midwestern Landscapes under Contrasting Bioenergy Scenarios
Can the Results of Biodiversity-Ecosystem Productivity Studies Be Translated to Bioenergy Production?
Progress and Challenges in Quantifying Water Quality and Ecosystem Responses from Agricultural, Forestry, and Bioenergy Landscapes
Alterations in energy expenditure in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass rats persist at thermoneutrality
Predation of lowbush blueberry insect pests by ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in the laboratory
Inflamm-Aging and Arachadonic Acid Metabolite Differences with Stage of Tendon Disease
The contribution of inflammation to the pathogenesis of tendinopathy and high prevalence of re-injury is not well established, although recent evidence suggests involvement of prostaglandins. We investigated the roles of prostaglandins and inflammation-resolving mediators in naturally occurring equine tendon injury with disease stage and age. Levels of prostaglandins E(2) (PGE(2)), F(2α) (PGF(2α)), lipoxin A(4) (LXA(4)) and its receptor FPR2/ALX were analysed in extracts of normal, sub-acute and chronic injured tendons. To assess whether potential changes were associated with altered PGE(2) metabolism, microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1), prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH), COX-2 and EP(4) receptor expression were investigated. The ability of tendons to resolve inflammation was determined by assessing FPR2/ALX expression in natural injury and IL-1β stimulated tendon explants.Alterations in the profile of lipid mediators during sub-acute injury included low PGE(2) and elevated LXA(4) levels compared to normal and chronic injuries. In contrast, PGF(2α) levels remained unchanged and were three-fold lower than PGE(2). The synthetic capacity of PGE(2) as measured by the ratio of mPGES-1:PGDH was elevated in sub-acute injury, suggesting aberrations in tendon prostaglandin metabolism, whilst COX-2 and EP(4) receptor were unchanged. Paradoxically low tendon PGE(2) levels in early injury may be attributed to increased local clearance via PGDH or the class switching of lipid mediators from the prostaglandin to the lipoxin axis. PGE(2) is therefore implicated in the development of tendon inflammation and its ensuing resolution. Whilst there was no relationship between age and tendon LXA(4) levels, there was an age-associated decline in FPR2/ALX receptor expression with concurrent increased PGE(2) levels in injury. Furthermore, uninjured tendon explants from younger (<10 years) but not older horses (≥10 years) treated with IL-1β responded by increasing FPR2/ALX suggesting aged individuals exhibit a reduced capacity to resolve inflammation via FPR2/ALX, which may present a potential mechanism for development of chronic tendinopathy and re-injury