The effect of sociodemographic characteristics of adolescents on E-Health literacy

As a result of having easy access to the internet and mobile devices, a great part of the population uses the internet in order to search for information related to health; therefore, health literacy on the internet has gained importance

Clodronic acid in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis

Background: Clodronic acid, a first-generation bisphosphonate, has been successfully used in the treatment of high bone turnover states, Paget's disease and osteolytic bone metastases. However, controversies remain over its optimal dosage and method of administration in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. In this study we aimed to evaluate the effect of clodronic acid treatment for 3 years on bone mineral density (BMD) in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis

A case of late presented with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1

Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy is also known as autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type I (APS-I). We report a case of late presented APS-I with non-endocrine manifestations. A 41-year-old male presented with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis as the first manifestation of the disease, followed by adrenal insufficiency. Other associated diseases that developed in time included gonadal insufficiency, alopecia, vitiligo, chronic urticaria. chronic active hepatitis and malabsorption. Although our patient presented late with APS-I and non-endocrine manifestations, APS-I usually occurs in childhood and is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a combination of autoimmune manifestations affecting endocrine and non-endocrine organs. In conclusion, patients with autoimmune endocrine disease should be followed on a regular basis

Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Patients Assessed to Be at Low or Intermediary Risk After Primary Treatment Are at Greater Risk of Long Term Recurrence If They Are Thyroglobulin Antibody Positive Or Do Not Have Distinctly Low Thyroglobulin at Initial Assessment

Background: In papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), recurrences during long-term follow-up (R-LTFU) occur even in those who appear to have an excellent prognosis after initial thyroid surgery and usually, radioactive iodine (i.e., "primary treatment"). Initial studies that predict R-LTFU are not well defined. Values for serum thyroglobulin (Tg) measurements when serum thyrotropin (TSH) is >30 mu U/mL, as a result of either recombinant TSH or L-thyroxine withdrawal, referred to here as stimulated Tg (STg), have been previously evaluated. The aim of the current study was to determine the parameters associated with R-LTFU in patients with PTC categorized as having low-risk disease 9 to 12 months after their primary treatment

Multiple cutaneous neuromas and macular amyloidosis associated with medullary thyroid carcinoma

Multiple cutaneous neuromas are rarely seen in dermatology practice. We report a case of multiple cutaneous neuromas, macular amyloidosis (MA), and medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and discuss the interrelationship of the associated conditions. Multiple endocrine neoplasia 2 (MEN 2) is a hereditary syndrome that comprises MEN 2A, MEN 2B, and familial MTC. Germline mutations in the RET protooncogene is the underlying cause of the syndrome. MEN 2A and MEN 2B show some common endocrine manifestations including MTC and pheochromocytoma. There are reports of families with MA and MEN 2A. Multiple mucosal neuromas occur in 100% of patients with MEN 2B syndrome. Cutaneous neuromas are infrequently reported in MEN 2B syndrome. Our patient was a heterozygote carrier of GAG --> GAC mutation (Glu 768 Asp) in exon 13, codon 768 of the RET proto-oncogene. We speculate that our patient may represent an unusual presentation of MEN 2B or an overlap of MEN 2A and MEN 2B syndromes or a sporadic MTC case with unusual associations

Bowel Cleansing with Oral Sodium Phosphate is a Risk Factor for Nephropathy in Acromegaly

Because of increased risk of colorectal carcinoma, screening by colonoscopy is recommended in patients with acromegaly. Cleansing should be vigorous in these patients due to increased bowel length and delayed colonic transit time. Recently, cases of phosphate nephropathy associated with a widely preferred purgative oral sodium phosphate (OSP) have been reported. Although main risk factors for phosphate nephropathy have been described, acromegaly has not been included as a risk factor. The present case is a 63-year old male patient, who developed transient renal failure after using three doses of OSP, which increased the serum phosphate level by 8.1 mg/dL. An acromegalic patient may have many risk factors for phosphate nephropathy after OSP administration, including having high basal serum phosphate levels, increased bowel transit time, need for high purgative dosages, increased tubular phosphate reabsorption, advanced age, and concurrent administration of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Physicians should be warned against the risks of using OSP in acromegalic patients, and intensive follow-up is necessary in the hospital setting soon after OSP administration. Therefore, we suggest that acromegaly should be included as a risk factor for nephropathy due to OSP in the current guidelines

The long term outcome of papillary thyroid carcinoma patients without primary central lymph node dissection: Expected improvement of routine dissection

Background. We investigated central compartment recurrence (CCR) and mortality rate in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) who had no central lymph node dissection (CLND) at the time of primary operation

The risk factors for malignancy in surgically treated patients for Graves' disease, toxic multinodular goiter, and toxic adenoma

Background. The impact of age, gender, and coexisting cold nodules on the frequency of thyroid carcinoma in hyperthyroid patients in an endemic iodine-deficient region was investigated

The effect of macroprolactinemia on gonadotropin secretion

Objectives: Hyperprolactinemia due to monomeric prolactin (m-PRL), is associated with suppression of gonadotropin secretion and gonadal activity. Macroprolactin is thought to be a biologically inactive form of prolactin that has no effects on gonadotropin secretion. We compared follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and estradiol levels in women with macroprolactinemia and in female patients with hyperprolactinemia due to m-PRL