Molekularna tipizacija tuniskih klonova vrste Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) pomoću mikrosatelitskih biljega

In order to assess the genetic differentiation among Tunisian clones belonging to the Myzus persicae complex (M. persicae (Sulzer), M. antirrhinii (Macchiati) and M. nicotianea Blackman), the molecular technique of microsatellites was used in this study. These markers offer sensitivity and are useful in population genetic studies of parthenogenetic organisms. Here, nine polymorphic microsatellite loci were amplified to distinguish between six parthenogenetic clones belonging to M. persicae complex collected from two different Tunisian areas. Interestingly, this technique allowed discrimination between five different genotypic classes among the six clones. Furthermore, analysis of genetic relatedness between the genotypic classes revealed that two Tunisian clones did not cluster either in M. persicae or in M. antirrhinii taxa, whereas, the four other Tunisian clones clustered into the M. persicae Sulzer taxa.U cilju utvrđivanja genetičkih razlika između tuniskih klonova kompleksa Myzus persicae (Sulzer), M. antirrhinii (Macchiati) i M. nicotianea (Blackman) upotrijebljena je molekularna mikrosatelitska tehnika. Ovi su biljezi vrlo osjetljivi i korisni u takvim istraživanjima partenogenetskih organizama. Umnoženo je devet polimorfnih lokusa mikrosatelita kako bi se razlikovalo šest partenogenetskih klonova kompleksa M. persicae sabranih u dva različita područja u Tunisu. Zanimljivo je da je ova tehnika omogućila razlikovanje između pet različitih genotipskih razreda tih šest klonova. Nadalje, analize genetičke srodnosti između genotipskih razreda pokazale su da dva tuniska klona nisu u istoj grupi niti s M. persicae, niti s M. antirrhinii, dok se četiri tuniska klona nalaze unutar vrste M. persicae Sulzer

Iron acquisition in Bacillus cereus: the roles of IlsA and bacillibactin in exogenous ferritin iron mobilization

9siIn host-pathogen interactions, the struggle for iron may have major consequences on the outcome of the disease. To overcome the low solubility and bio-availability of iron, bacteria have evolved multiple systems to acquire iron from various sources such as heme, hemoglobin and ferritin. The molecular basis of iron acquisition from heme and hemoglobin have been extensively studied; however, very little is known about iron acquisition from host ferritin, a 24-mer nanocage protein able to store thousands of iron atoms within its cavity. In the human opportunistic pathogen Bacillus cereus, a surface protein named IlsA (Iron-regulated leucine rich surface protein type A) binds heme, hemoglobin and ferritin in vitro and is involved in virulence. Here, we demonstrate that IlsA acts as a ferritin receptor causing ferritin aggregation on the bacterial surface. Isothermal titration calorimetry data indicate that IlsA binds several types of ferritins through direct interaction with the shell subunits. UV-vis kinetic data show a significant enhancement of iron release from ferritin in the presence of IlsA indicating for the first time that a bacterial protein might alter the stability of the ferritin iron core. Disruption of the siderophore bacillibactin production drastically reduces the ability of B. cereus to utilize ferritin for growth and results in attenuated bacterial virulence in insects. We propose a new model of iron acquisition in B. cereus that involves the binding of IlsA to host ferritin followed by siderophore assisted iron uptake. Our results highlight a possible interplay between a surface protein and a siderophore and provide new insights into host adaptation of B. cereus and general bacterial pathogenesis.openopenSegond D; Abi Khalil E; Buisson C; Daou N; Kallassy M; Lereclus D; Arosio P; Bou-Abdallah F; Nielsen Le Roux C.Segond, D; Abi Khalil, E; Buisson, C; Daou, N; Kallassy, M; Lereclus, D; Arosio, Paolo; Bou Abdallah, F; Nielsen Le Roux, C

Trials

Soft palate defects created during oral cancer surgery may prevent complete palatal closure and trigger palatopharyngeal insufficiency. One current treatment employs a rigid obturator prosthesis; an extension of acrylic resin at the level of the hard palate ensures surface contact with the remaining musculature. Unfortunately, airflow escape often causes hypernasality, compromises speech intelligibility, and creates swallowing problems (including leakage of food and fluid into the nasal airway). We plan to test a new removable denture featuring a thick dental dam that serves as a membrane obturator. The principal objective of the clinical trial is a comparison of speech handicap levels after 1 month in patients with acquired velar insufficiencies who wear either the new device or a conventional, rigid obturator. The secondary objectives are between-device comparisons of the swallowing handicaps and the health-related qualities of life

Periodontal treatment to improve glycaemic control in diabetic patients: study protocol of the randomized, controlled DIAPERIO trial

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Periodontitis is a common, chronic inflammatory disease caused by gram-negative bacteria leading to destruction of tissues supporting the teeth. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown increased frequency, extent and severity of periodontitis among diabetic adults. More recently, some controlled clinical trials have also suggested that periodontal treatment could improve glycaemic control in diabetic patients. However current evidence does not provide sufficient information on which to confidently base any clinical recommendations. The main objective of this clinical trial is to assess whether periodontal treatment could lead to a decrease in glycated haemoglobin levels in metabolically unbalanced diabetic patients suffering from chronic periodontitis.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The DIAPERIO trial is an open-label, 13-week follow-up, randomized, controlled trial. The total target sample size is planned at 150 participants, with a balanced (1:1) treatment allocation (immediate treatment vs delayed treatment). Periodontal treatment will include full mouth non-surgical scaling and root planing, systemic antibiotherapy, local antiseptics (chlorhexidine 0.12%) and oral health instructions. The primary outcome will be the difference in change of HbA1c between the two groups after the 13-weeks' follow-up. Secondary outcomes will be the difference in change of fructosamine levels and quality of life between the two groups.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>The DIAPERIO trial will provide insight into the question of whether periodontal treatment could lead to an improvement in glycaemic control in metabolically unbalanced diabetic patients suffering from periodontitis. The results of this trial will help to provide evidence-based recommendations for clinicians and a draft framework for designing national health policies.</p> <p>Trial registration</p> <p>Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN15334496</p

Evolution de l'odontologie carcérale dans les Unités de consultations et de soins ambulatoires de Toulouse en 2002/2003

TOULOUSE3-BU Santé-Centrale (315552105) / SudocTOULOUSE3-BU Santé-Allées (315552109) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Optimisation et évaluation de la reconstruction faciale (à propos d'un cas)

La reconstruction faciale est une technique d'identification médicao-légale qui consiste à restituer les traits morphologiques d'un individu à partir de son support osseux crânien. De nombreuses méthodes existent, cependant la méthode de C. Wilkinson utilisant une procédure combinée manuelle et informatisée semble la plus pertinente. L'objectif de ce travail sera d'évaluer la reproductibilité de cette technique à partir d'un cas concret en y associant reconstruction manuelle et modélisation 3D. L'étude anthropologique du crâne a été préalablement réalisée pour déterminer les caractères biologiques du sujet. Des repères crâniométriques ont été définis puis associés aux épaisseurs de tissus mous correspondantes afin de modeler et reconstruire étape par étape les caractéristiques du visage. Le visage ainsi obtenu a été ensuite digitalisé par acquisition laser surfacique et une modélisation 3D a permis de l'affiner en y apportant des éléments complémentaires caractéristiques comme le texturage de la peau, la couleur des yeux, le définition des cheveux... Dans le même temps, d'autres opérateurs ont réalisé ce travail afin d'évaluer la subjectivité de la reconstruction faciale. A l'aide des photographies et de modèles 3D, la variabilité inter-opérateur sera appréciée globalement et au niveau des régions d'intérêt du visage. Enfin, l'ensemble des reconstructions réalisées seront comparées à la photographie réelle représentant le visage du sujet nous permettant ainsi de valider la fiabilité de la reconstruction dans un processus de reconnaissance faciale.Facial reconstruction is a technic of forensic identification which consist in reproducing individual's mophologic features from his skull. Among the different procedures, the most pertinente could be C. Wilkinson method combinated with computing science. The aim of thie thesis is evaluating the reproductibility of this method with a concret case, associating manual procedure and 3D modelling permitted to refine the face with skin texture, eye's coloring, hair... In the same time, others reconstructions were realized, correlated and compared with the initial picture of the individual and the 3D modellings. These results permitted the evaluation of the reliability of the method.BORDEAUX2-BU Sci.Homme/Odontol. (330632102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Apparition de la notion de perte de chance dans le droit médical et application à l'odontologie

BORDEAUX2-BU Sci.Homme/Odontol. (330632102) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Le noma (connaissances des professionnels de la santé bucco-dentaire à Bamako)

Introduction : Le noma, maladie disparue dans les pays du Nord, fait des ravages dans ceux du Sud dont le Mali. Le traitement précoce par antibiothérapie, soins locaux et la prise en charge des comorbidités fait chuter le taux de mortalité de 90% à 10%. Méthode : Il s agit de questionnaires distribués aux professionnels de la santé bucco-dentaire exerçant en libéral ou dans un établissement de santé à Bamako. L étude, réalisée de janvier à avril 2013 avait pour but de faire un état des lieux des connaissances de ces professionnels pour assurer la prévention et la prise en charge précoce du noma. Résultat : Ces professionnels ont globalement de bonnes connaissances sur le noma même si les connaissances sur la flore bactérienne restent disparates, traduisant le manque de certitude sur l agent causal (consensus pour une interaction bactérienne). Discussion : L insécurité régnante au moment de l étude (conflit du Nord-Mali) n a pas permis d inclure les professionnels dans les zones rurales. Conclusion : Il serait intéressant de mener également une étude auprès de la population pour comprendre sa perception de la maladie et les raisons de la consultation tardive d un professionnel pour tenter de mettre en place une stratégie de lutte efficace.Noma is a devastating disease that wreaks havoc in the South. It is a gangrenous affliction that destroys the soft and hard tissue of the face and affects exclusively young children from developing countries.The few patients who escape this pathology in the absence of early treatment (10%) keep very disabling sequelae, sometimes disfigurement resulting in social exclusion.The purpose of this study is to provide a state of the art knowledge of professional oral health in Bamako on noma. Questionnaires were sent to professionals ; data were collected in "R" and analyzed in Excel. It turns out that professionals generally have good knowledge on noma clinical standpoint, but this knowledge is less certain about the bacterial flora involved in the occurrence of noma. This reflects the state of current knowledge on the pathology about the disease because there 's no certainty about the causative agent or the exact circumstances of its occurrence although the risk factors are known (malnutrition and debitating diseases). Emphasis should be placed on prevention in countries where the population suffers from malnutrition and adverse health conditions. The implementation of information and awareness campaigns could help fight against social beliefs that may hamper the early management of the disease and reduce the social exclusion of children victimized twice. Prevention of noma also pass through improving oral hygiene, vaccination campaigns and the management of comorbidities.BORDEAUX2-BU Sci.Homme/Odontol. (330632102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Analyse discriminante des différentes parties d'un visage dans un processus de reconnaissance faciale (étude évaluative)

Objectif : Déterminer la pertinence de certaines régions du visage dans tout processus de reconnaissance faciale ; évaluer le facteur sexe et le facteur âge comme facteur discriminant au cours d'une étude descriptive. Matériels et méthodes : à partir de photographies de personnes célèbres, segmentées en fonction des différentes parties constituant un visage (6 planches). Un échantillon de 39 personnes permettra d'évaluer leur capacité à identifier positivement chaque visage. Résultats : les résultats du test nous indiquent que chez les personnes âgées de 20 à 50 ans, les yeux sont la partie du visage la plus discriminante. A partir de 50 ans nous avons un déficit de reconnaissance physiologique et les yeux et la bouche sont aussi bien reconnus. Le sexe n'a aucune incidence sur la reconnaissance faciale. Conclusion : lors de l'étude, on s'aperçoit que l'âge de l'observateur est une variable essentielle lors de toute reconnaissance faciale, et que la pertinence de certaines régions du visage après segmentation sera très utile dans une réhabilitation par reconstruction faciale. En effet lors de la découverte d'un corps , les yeux, le nez et la bouche subissent les premiers stades des processus de dégradation et d'occupations entomologiques catalyseur de l'autolyse. Jusqu'à présent la reconstitution de ces régions d'intérêts majeurs se faisait de manière quelque peu empirique. Cependant la maîtrise du décryptage du génome et son utilisation rationnelle et raisonnée permettra d'être un élément complémentaire et indispensable dans la mise en oeuvre d'une reconstruction faciale, potentialisant ainsi le processus de la reconnaissance faciale du visage.Objective : to determine the importance of the certain parts of the face in the facial recognition process.To evaluate sex and age as discriminating factors in a descritive study. Materials and Methods : using photographs of well-known people segmented into the different parts that make up a face (6 parts) a panel of 39 people are asked to identify each face. Results : the test results show that for people aged between 20 and 50 the eyes are the part of the face that most easily aids identification. From the age of 50 onwards, there is a deficit of physiological reconnaissance and the eyes and mouth are equally well recognized. Sex has no influence on the results of facial recognition. Conclusion : during this study we have noticed that the age of the observer is an important factor in facial recognition and that the pertinence of certain parts of the face after segmentation is very useful in restoration by facial reconstruction. When a body is discovered, the eyes, nose and mouth have undergone the first stages of damage. However, gene deciphering and its rational and reasonable use will be a complementary and indispensable element in the process of facial reconstruction which will optimise the process of facial recognition.BORDEAUX2-BU Sci.Homme/Odontol. (330632102) / SudocSudocFranceF