Mean first passage time analysis reveals rate-limiting steps, parallel pathways and dead ends in a simple model of protein folding

We have analyzed dynamics on the complex free energy landscape of protein folding in the FOLD-X model, by calculating for each state of the system the mean first passage time to the folded state. The resulting kinetic map of the folding process shows that it proceeds in jumps between well-defined, local free energy minima. Closer analysis of the different local minima allows us to reveal secondary, parallel pathways as well as dead ends.Comment: 7 page

Barley Diets for Growing-Finishing Pigs

Barley is an important feed ingredient that may be used as an alternative for corn in swine diets. It is higher in protein and the amino acid lysine than is corn. But, it also contains less energy than corn and thus diets based on barley as the grain source are less efficient than corn based diets. It has also been suggested that hogs fed barley diets do not yield ~s well as those fed corn diets. The objectives of this experiment were to determine the effect of lysine and fat supplementation to barley based diets and to compare these diets with corn based diets. A further objective was to determine the effect of barley diets on carcass characteristics and dressing percentage

Effect of Tryptophan Supplementation of a Low Protein, Corn-Sunflower Meal Diet for Young Growing Pigs

Research conducted at South Dakota State University and reported in the 1983 and 1984 Swine Field Day Proceedings, indicated that the amino acid tryptophan is limiting in a lysine supplemented, 12% protein, corn-sunflower meal diet fed to young weaned pigs. This trial was conducted to further study the effects of tryptophan supplementation of an amino acid fortified, 12% protein, corn-sunflower meal diet and to estimate the dietary tryptophan requirement of the young weaned pig fed that diet

Effect of Added Threonine in a Lysine Supplemented, Low Protein Corn-Sunflower Meal Diet

Threonine has been shown to be one of the limiting amino acids in certain types of swine diets. Recent research indicates that the level of threonine required by the young growing pig may be greater than that suggested by the National Research Council (NRC). Research reported in the 1983 Swine Field Day Proceedings, indicated that lysine, threonine and tryptophan are the first three limiting amino acids in a corn-sunflower meal diet with lysine being most deficient. The trial reported, herein, was conducted to identify the optimum level of threonine required by the young growing pig fed a low protein, lysine supplemented corn-sunflower meal diet

The Effect of Protein Level and Amino Acid Supplementation of Sunflower Meal Diets for Young Pigs

Dietary protein recommendations for pigs were developed using corn-soybean meal diets. Diets formulated to contain less protein than recommended will result in reduced performance because of a deficiency of amino acid(s). However, more recent research suggests that pig performance can be maintained when feeding diets containing a substantially reduced protein content if limiting amino acids are supplemented to meet dietary requirements. Previous research at South Dakota State University has identified lysine, tryptophan and threonine as deficient amino acids in a 12% protein, corn-sunflower meal diet. The objectives of the trial reported herein were to study the effect of protein level (12, 15, 18 and 21%) in corn-sunflower meal diets containing all essential amino acids in excess of National Research Council recommendations and to determine the effect of glutamic acid supplementation to a low protein (12%) diet as a non-essential amino acid nitrogen source

Effect of Added tryptophan in a Lysine Supplemented Low-Protein, Corn-Soybean Meal Diet

South Dakota\u27s production of sunflowers has been increasing during recent years and sunflowers are now recognized as an important crop in the state. Sunflowers are an excellent source of oil, with certain varieties containing up to 40% oil. Similar to soybean meal, the by-product of sunflower oil processing is a meal which can be used as a source of protein in formulating swine rations. A previous experiment, reported in the 1983 Swine Field Day Proceedings, indicated that the limiting amino acids in a corn-sunflower meal diet are lysine, tryptophan and threonine. This study was conducted to identify the optimum level of tryptophan in a lysine fortified low-protein, corn-sunflower meal diet for young growing pigs

Effect of Threonine Supplementation of a Low Protein, Corn-Sunflower Meal Diet for Young Growing Pigs

Of the ten essential amino acids required by swine, lysine, tryptophan and threonine have been reported by many researchers as being the first three limiting amino acids in cereal based swine diets. Research reported in the 1984 Swine Field Day Proceedings suggested supplementation of threonine to an amino acid fortified, low protein, corn-sunflower meal diet improves weanling pig performance. This trial was conducted as a continuation of the study of the effects of threonine supplementation an amino acid fortified, low protein, corn-sunflower meal diet and to estimate the dietary requirement of threonine of young growing pigs

Effect of Weaning Age on Pig Performance to Eight Weeks

The economic return that is realized by a commercial swine operation is largely determined by the efficiency of the sow herd. Increasing litter size and shortening the interval between litters results in greater yearly production per sow unit. Weaning at 2 weeks and allowing 10 days for rebreeding, theoretically, allows the production of 2.65 litters per sow per year~ compared to the national average of 1.7 litters. This study was conducted to determine the effect of weaning age on post weaning performance

Analysis of strain and stacking faults in single nanowires using Bragg coherent diffraction imaging

Coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) on Bragg reflections is a promising technique for the study of three-dimensional (3D) composition and strain fields in nanostructures, which can be recovered directly from the coherent diffraction data recorded on single objects. In this article we report results obtained for single homogeneous and heterogeneous nanowires with a diameter smaller than 100 nm, for which we used CDI to retrieve information about deformation and faults existing in these wires. The article also discusses the influence of stacking faults, which can create artefacts during the reconstruction of the nanowire shape and deformation.Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures Submitted to New Journal of Physic