Honey, a Gift from Nature to Health and Beauty: A Review

Benefits of honey are contributed by the composition of its elements such as glucose, fructose, glucose oxidase, vitamins and phenolic compounds. For health, honey can be used to treat wounds due to the antibacterial activity conferred by the hydrogen peroxide produced by glucose oxidase in honey. Anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, deodorizing and tissue regeneration activities in honey also help in the wound healing process. It can also be an alternative sweetener for diabetic patients to ensure compliance to a healthy diet. Moreover, honey exerts several effects such as lowering low density lipids and increasing high density lipids, thus reducing risk of atherosclerosis. In terms of beauty, honey can be used on skin and hair. It moisturizes skin through its natural humectant properties contributed by high contents of fructose and glucose. Honey treats acne on the skin due to its antibacterial activity, anti-inflammatory action and tissue repair. The hair can benefit from honey in such a way that the hair has abundance, and becomes easier to comb. However, there have not been as many studies regarding the use of honey in skin in comparison to its use for health. Therefore, future studies on honey could research its use, action and benefits in both cosmetics and dermatology

Resistance to deltametrhin, lambda-cyhalotrin and chlorpyrifos-ethyl in some populations of Typhlodromus pyri and Amblyseius andersoni from vineyards in the south-west of France.

Corresponding author. [email protected] (R. Bonafos).International audienceSince 2000, two predatory mites, Typhlodomus pyri and Amblyseius andersoni, have been found in Frontonnais and vineyards in the Midi-Pyrénées region of France, where pyrethroids and organophosphate insecticides were applied. Laboratory studies have confirmed resistance in the two species to deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and chlorpyriphos-ethyl. Resistance ratios ranged from medium to high. This resistance could make it possible for T. pyri and A. andersoni to play an important role in IPM grapevines in the Midi-Pyrénées region, especially for the control of spider mites

Resistance monitoring to deltamethrin and chlorpyriphos-ethyl in 13 populations of Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from vineyards in the southwest of France

International audienceThe reduction in the susceptibility to deltamethrin and chlorpyriphos-ethyl of 13 populations of Typhlodomus pyri collected in vineyards in the Midi-Pyrénées region of France was demonstrated under laboratory conditions. The corrected mortality ranged from low to medium in all but one population, which was very susceptible to deltamethrin. This reduced toxicity of deltamethrin and chlorpyriphos-ethyl on the tested T. pyri populations would allow them to play an important role in IPM grapevines in the Midi-Pyrénées region, especially for the control of spider mites. There was no evidence of cross-resistance between deltamethrin and chlorpyriphos-ethyl

Side effects of pesticides on phytoseiid mites in French vineyards and orchards: laboratory and field trials

Using the methodology of the French AFPP/CEB guideline no. 167 for testing side effects of pesticides on Typhlodromus pyri, we review the results obtained with laboratory trials for more than 120 pesticides. Most of the insecticides/acaricides tested were found to be toxic and most of the fungicides non-toxic or slightly toxic. These results provided a good indication of the toxicity assessed in field trials. To put this relation to the test, we carried out a more in-depth study on the fungicide mancozeb and its toxicity to phytoseiids in vineyard and orchard. Side effects of this fungicide were studied on T. pyri in the laboratory and in 4-year field trials in several grape crops. In vineyards where mancozeb had commonly been used over the years, this fungicide is generally slightly toxic. However, in plots where it had never been used, its effect on populations of T. pyri was more pronounced and varied from moderately toxic to toxic. Despite its intrinsic toxicity, populations were never eradicated. Laboratory results confirmed the field trial results. Even though toxicity of mancozeb is higher in lab trials, a significant correlation was established between field and laboratory results for all strains of T. pyri. It is striking to observe that – despite the intrinsic toxicity of not only mancozeb, but also pyrethroids and organophosphates – densities of T. pyri and Amblyseius andersoni in grape crops in the Region Midi-Pyrénées are commonly high. Our laboratory tests indeed showed that strains of these two species are resistant to deltamethrin, ë-cyhalothrin, and chlorpyriphos-ethyl, which probably explains their abundance in grape crops in this area

A genetic analysis of mancozeb resistance in Typhlodromus Pyri (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

Correspondance: [email protected] audienceA field population of Typhlodromus pyri ( Acari: Phytoseiidae) tolerant to mancozeb was selected in the laboratory. After 10 mancozeb selections the LC50 value for mancozeb was 73 times higher in the selected-10 strain compared to the standard susceptible strain. A genetic analysis using reciprocal crosses and backcrosses of female F-1 progeny found no maternal effect. Resistance in the selected-10 strain was codominant in expression, dominance value was about -0.1. Backcrosses between F1 females and the susceptible strain indicate that the resistance to mancozeb could be principally conferred by a predominant gene, but additional factors would also be involve