Utilisation of leather industry solid wastes in the production of porous clay brick

WOS: 000235849500005In this study, the possiblity was examined of using fleshings and vegetable shaving wastes in producing porous bricks. The fleshings contained 70.01% moisture, 36.48% substance soluble in dichloromethane, 32.95% hide substance and 8.63% ash; while the vegetable shaving wastes contained 44.47% moisture, 5.03% soluble substance in dichloromethane, 37.17% hide substance and 5.46% ash (all expressed on dry weight). Fleshings and vegetable shaving wastes were used in brick production at ratios of 1, 3, 5 and 10% by weight of clay. The bulk density, thermal conductivity and strength of bricks were determined in accordance with relevant Turkish or ASTM standards. The density, thermal conductivity and compressive strength of bricks were reduced upon inclusion of both fleshings and vegetable shaving wastes. The reduction was more pronounced at higher inclusion levels. The most suitable level of use for both of the wastes was 5%. Brick makers commonly use sawdust to give the porous structure but, as a result of discussions with the Society of Brick Producers, experiments have begun on using solid wastes to produce the porosity

A study on cost accounting in garment leather manufacturing

WOS: 000237370000004In this study, actual annual production figures of a tannery processing sheepskins for garments in the Menemen Organized Leather Industrial Region of Izmir, Turkey were examined so as to establish production costs and determine unit costs. A cost distribution table was formed using the actual figures obtained from the tannery and units costs were then determined. It was found that total actual costs comprised 66.1% skins, 19.6% chemical substances, 5.4% labour and 6.03% general production expenses