United Nations convention on the rights of a child: Implementation of legal and administrative measures in Nigeria

This paper critically analyzes the general principles of implementing the rights of a child in Nigeria vis-a-vis the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. These administrative and legal measures are the yardstick upon which one could text and evaluate the effectiveness of the Convention on the Nigerian child. The method used for this work is analytical and critical. In this wise, the paper finds that to realise these measures, Nigeria domesticated the Convention stepped down as it were in the Africa Charter on the Right and Welfare of the Child, and further stepped down in Nigeria’s Child Rights Act. Though recognising some administrative procedures in place like Protocols, there still exist some inadequacies. These inadequacies are the major challenge to the effective implementation of the United Nation Convention on the Rights of the Child in Nigeria. This is true as a lot of administrative machinery is not in place. In all, the paper advocates that child protection be transferred from the concurrent list to the exclusive list so that the Act governs the entire federation.Keywords: Convention, Rights, Child, Implementation, Administrative, Nigeri

The chemical composition and industrial quality of Barite mineralization in Calabar flank, Oban Massif, Mamfe embayment and Obudu Plateau, southeastern Nigeria

Barite occurrences in the Calabar Flank, Oban massif, Mamfe Embayment and Obudu Plateau of Southeastern Nigeria have been sampled and  analyzed for the purpose of assessing their chemical composition andindustrial quality. Barite occurrences were observed mostly along faults and unconformities marking the boundaries between the Precambrian basement rocks of Oban and Obudu massifs and the Cretaceous sediments of the Calabar Flank and Mamfe embayment. Occurrences were also observed within the sediments. The chemical data show that BaSO4, SiO2 and TiO2 are the major chemical species of the barite. The Ba and SO4 content vary between 53.62 – 56.10 wt% and 27.57 – 39.35 wt% respectively across the sampled areas. The specific gravity is 4.45 and thiscombined with high BaSO4 (approximately 94 wt%) shows that the  mineralization is of high industrial quality and compares favourably with the Azara barite deposits of the Benue Trough. The quality of the barite meets American Petroleum institute (API) requirements for use as drilling mud.KEYWORDS: Barite, mineralization, quality, chemical composition, southeastern Nigeria

Summary of isotopic ages from Oban-Obudu massif of Southeastern Nigeria and its implication for the evolution of the precambrian basement complex of Nigeria

No Abstract

Occurrence and distribution of barite mineralization in Cross River State, south-eastern Nigeria

Cross River State is composed of sedimentary rocks which constitute the Calabar Flank and metamorphic and intrusive rocks which crop out in the Oban massif and Obudu Plateau. This study establishes that barite mineralization occurs in the Cretaceous sedimentary rocks of the Calabar Flank as well as in the Precambrian basement rocks. In the Calabar Flank which is in the lower Benue Trough, the outcrops are widespread but mineralization is generally concealed. Barite occurrence has been studied in twenty two localities and the host rocks include sandstones, shales,dolerites, granite and gneiss. Shales and sandstones have the greatest occurrence of barite. The mineral occurs as veins trending NE-SW, N-S and NW-SE. They occur in a fracture system cross-cutting the lower Benue Trough axis suggesting a possible genetic relationship with the Azara barite mineralization of Benue Trough which is believed to be of hydrothermal origin

U-Pb geochronology of metasedimentary schists in Akwanga area of north central Nigeria and its implications for the evolution of the Nigerian basement complex

The geology of Akwnaga area of northcentral Nigeria is dominated by schists, metaigneous gneisses and weakly to nonfoliated granites. The Schist shows grades up to the sillimanite zone of the Barrovian type regional metamorphism and occurs as xenoliths in other rocks of the area. The zircons separated from a sample of the Schists show growth zoning and a number of grains display distinct cores and rims. Out of 131 analyses 117 yielded useful geochronological data. 67 of these gave 90-110% concordant results. Most ages scatter between 600 and 1100Ma with distinct peaks at 700, 850 and 1000Ma. A few Archaean Zircons are also present but a minority of grains yielded Palaeoproterozoic ages (1700-2200Ma). These first-ever geochronological data from rocks of Akwanga area are further evidence of the polycyclic nature of the Nigerian basement. They confirm that the Pan-African orogeny, though pervasive, did not obliterate traces of earlier events in the Akwanga area.KEYWORDS: Akwanga, Zircon, Archaean, Palaeoproterozoic, Polycyclic

Geochemistry of Schists of Northwest Obudu Plateau, Southeastern Nigeria

Precambrian, highly foliated, fine – medium grained schists, which comprise migmatitic schist (MS), quartz mica schist (QMS), biotite mica schist (BMS) and hornblende biotite schist (HBS) constitute important lithological unit in Northwest Obudu Plateau. The schists are associated with gneisses, amphibolites and metaquartzites, and variously intruded by granites, pegmatites and quartzo-feldspathic veins. Sedimentary rocks, which are mostly Cretaceous sandstones, flank the western margin of the study area. Modal analysis shows that all the schists are enriched in quartz, plagioclase (An32), biotite and garnet, except the HBS which is relatively depleted in quartz but highly enriched in biotite (25 vol. %) and hornblende (55 vol. %). Sillimanite and epidote occur in accessory amounts. The co-existence of quartz- plagioclase (An32)- garnet-biotite- muscovite- sillimanite in the MS assemblage indicates that the Schists are derivatives of metamorphism of pelitic and mafic rocks, which had attained the uppermost amphibolite facies grade. Geochemically, the schists are enriched in Si02, which ranges from 60.11 wt % in the HBS, rising to 62.94 wt % in the BMS and 66.58 wt % in the QMS, with average of 64.56 wt %. The high SiO2 content points to a probable effect of an intruding granitic magma on the Pan – African schists. The Al2O3, Fe2O3, MgO, CaO and alkalies are relatively moderate to high. The samples are quartz normative, have high molecular value of Al2O3 > {CaO + Na2O + K2O}. Plots in chemical discrimination diagrams confirm the peraluminous characteristics of the schist and suggest pelitic rock protolith except for the HBS.Keywords: Petrochemistry, Obudu Plateau, Protolith, Metapelite, Precambrian, Uppermost Amphibolite Facie

The petrology of the Northeastern region of Obudu Plateau, Bamenda Massif, Southeastern Nigeria

No Abstract

the nature and origin of barite mineralization in Akpet area, Oban Massif, Southeastern Nigeria

No Abstract

The appraisal of a proposed barite quarry in Akpet Area, Cross River State, from resistivity investigation

Electrical resistivity survey was done at a site at Akpet area, Cross River State to evaluate the subsurface for barite mineralization. Both vertical electrical sounding (VES) and horizontal resistivity profiling (HRP) were performed in conjunction with surface geological mapping in the area. In both VES and HRP, the Schlumberger electrode array was adopted and measured resistivity data interpreted using conventional curve matching techniques and iterative computer modelling. Results show that three (3) zones designated A, B and C with barite mineralization occur within a depth of 5m in the subsurface at the project site. The combined high specific gravity of 4.4 g/cc and high BaSO4 (>92%) show that the barite of the study area are of high quality. The practical recovery of over 8 tons of barite at the project site shortly after this report which revealed the occurrence of large deposit of barite in the area; show that the applicability of the resistivity method in the search of barite and other minerals alike is very reliable. KEY WORDS: Barite, resistivity, subsurface, recovery. Global Journal of Geological Sciences Vol.2(2) 2004: 171-17