Overview of pulsed electric field (pef) preservation on food products

The rise in consumer demand for nutritious food options combined with a desire for a more natural taste has prompted the creation of novel gentle food preservation processes as alternatives to traditional methods like heat treatment. New Methods like high hydrostatic pressure and pulsed electric fields (PEFs), have emerged as no thermal pasteurization methods. These methods aim to effectively reduce microbial content while maintaining the quality of the food product. Pulsed electric field processing is particularly suitable for decontaminating heat-sensitive foods. Furthermore, it presents no environmental risks and has shown no indications of toxicity [1]

Spirulina: nutritional and therapeutic review

The current environmental conditions deteriorations, mental and physical stress, changes in the diet have been serious risk factors for the humans, increased the death rate and civilization diseases. These are the obvious reasons why new progressive trends are being extensively developed in modern medicine, pharmacology and biotechnology and more effective harmless medicaments are being sought for to treat and prevent various diseases. One of the trends in biotechnology is associated with Blue green microalgae Spirulina platensis which have been widely employed as food and feed additives in agriculture, food industry, pharmaceuticals, perfume making, medicine and science [1]

Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), originated from America but is reported recently from Africa and the Asia-Pacific. FAW has caused huge international concern since its outbreak in Africa since 2016 and in Asia since mid-2018. The chapter mainly reviews its global distribution, life cycle, identification characters, strains, host plants, nature of damage, economic damage, and integrated pest management strategies available. The pest completes its life cycle on maize in 30 days (in warm summer months); in cooler temperatures, it may extend up to 60–90 days. For effective management of fall armyworm, different tools, viz., cultural control, agronomic management, breeding for resistance, natural enemies, and eco-friendly insecticides, should be used in an integrated approach. As the insect is recently introduced to Africa and the Asia-Pacific, possible management strategies and future cases of action are discussed