Tectonic history of the Kolyvan–Tomsk folded zone (KTFZ), Russia : insight from zircon U / Pb geochronology and Nd isotopes

The Kolyvan-Tomsk folded zone (KTFZ) represents part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). The KTFZ is mainly composed of detrital Late Palaeozoic sedimentary deposits, with minor intrusions. Detrital zircon geochronology on the Upper Devonian to Lower Permian sedimentary sequences of the KTFZ and the associated Gorlovo foreland basin yields four age peaks, reflecting the magmatic events in the source terranes. These events consist of (a) a minor Neoproterozoic peak (0.9-0.7 Ga), (b) a significant Early Palaeozoic peak (550-460 Ma), with a maximum at 500 Ma, and two well-defined Late Palaeozoic peaks during (c) the Middle-Late Devonian (385-360 Ma) and (d) the Carboniferous-Early Permian (360-280 Ma), with a maximum at 320 Ma. Older zircons (>1 Ga) are quite rare in the sampled sedimentary sequences. Slightly negative epsilon Nd values and associated relatively young Nd model ages were obtained (epsilon Nd(T) = -0.78, T (DM) ~1.1 Ga for Upper Devonian sandstones, epsilon Nd(T) = -1.1, T (DM) ~1.1 Ga for Lower Permian sandstones), suggesting only minor contribution of ancient continental crust to the main sedimentary units of the KTFZ. All intrusive and volcaniclastic rocks on the contrary are characterized by high positive epsilon Nd(T) values in the range of 3.78-6.86 and a Late Precambrian model age (T (DM) = 581-916 Ma), which corroborates its juvenile nature and an important depleted mantle component in their source. The oldest unit of the KTFZ, the Bugotak volcanic complex formed at the Givetian-Early Frasnian transition, at about 380 Ma. Upper Devonian detrital deposits of the KTFZ were formed in the Early Palaeozoic accretion belt of the Siberian continent and specifically in a passive continental margin environment. Deposits of the Gorlovo foreland basin, adjoining the KTFZ, were accumulated as a result of erosion of the Carboniferous-Early Permian volcanic rocks, which are now buried under the Meso-Cenozoic sedimentary cover of the West Siberian Basin. The magmatic events, recorded in the KTFZ zircon data, correspond to the most significant magmatic stages that affected the western part of the CAOB as a whole

Treatment for elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer

1743 new cases of lung cancer were registered in Sverdlovsk Region in 2009.52.5% of them (915 cases) were patients from 65 till 74 years old and 16.2% - patients elder than 75 years. 71 % of patients have stages III and IV. Adenocarcinoma and bronchoalveolar cancer were diagnosed in 30.7% of cases. These patients with lung cancer stage IIIB and IV received either Vinorelbin or Gefitinib after the progression on platinum based chemotherapy. Median survival (7 month), 1-year (32% and 35% respectively) and 2-year survival (16% and 14%) were almost the same in both groups. The use of Vinorelbin is more frequently accompanied by side effects, including III and IV stages of Neutropenia.В 2009 году в Свердловской области зарегистрировано 1743 новых случая рака легкого (РЛ), из них 915 (52,5%) пришлось на пациентов от 65 до 74 лет, а 282 (16,2%) - на пациентов старше 75 лет. Больные с 3-4 стадиями составили 71%. Аденокарцинома, железистый рак и бронхоальвеолярный рак встречались в 30,7% случаев. Пациентам с данными гистологическими вариантами с IIIB и IV стадиями РЛ после прогрессирования на фоне платиносодержащих режимов назначался Гефитиниб или Винорелбин. В обоих случаях медиана выживаемости (7 месяцев) и показатели 1-годичной (32% и 35% соответственно) и 2-годичной выживаемости (16% и 14%) не отличались. Использование Винорелбина чаще сопровождалось побочными эффектами, в том числе нейтропенией 3-4 степени

Immediate and long-term results of surgical treatment for tumors of the liver

Immediate and long-term results of surgical treatment for tumors of the liver are analysed. In total 80 patients were included. Postoperative complications - 27,5 % . Postoperative mortality - 7,5 %. 5 years survival rate for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma - 57 %, for patients with colorectal liver metastases - 36 %. A median of survival rate - 45 and 16 months accordingly.Проанализированы непосредственные и отдаленные результаты хирургического лечения опухолевых поражений печени. Всего включено 80 пациентов. Послеоперационные осложнения составили 27,5%, послеоперационная летальность 7,5%. 5-летняя выживаемость при гепатоцеллюлярном раке печени составила 57%, медиана выживаемости 45 мес. 5-летняя выживаемость при метастазах колоректального рака в печень составила 36%, медиана выживаемости 16 мес

Epidemiological features of cervical cancer in large industrial cities

Comparative retrospective analysis ot cervical cancer prevalence, staging, indicators, and age structure in Yekaterinburg was conducted tor 3 time periods: 1st - YY1998-2002,2nd - YY2003-2007,3rd - YY2008-2012. Increase of oncological pathology in large cities is not registered, but we have tound an increase in the number of cervical cancer cases, and a tendency to decrease in number of patients with 3-4 degree from 46,6+7,9% in YY 2003-2007 till 39,9+2,7% in YY2008-2012 (p=0,08). Age structure is characterized by increase in the number of patients at the age of 30-39 years from 15,8% in YY1998-2002 till 26,3% in YY2008-2012 and decrease in the number of patients at the age of 60-69 years from 17,8% in YY1998-2002 till 10,4% in YY2008-2012. Conclusion: decrease of cervical cancer incidence may be done by vaccination of teenagers and youth against infectious warts virus and organization of efficient cytological screening in all age groups including those over 70 years old.Проведен сравнительный ретроспективный анализ показателей распространенности, стадийности, повозрастной характеристики РШМ в Екатеринбурге за 3 периода времени: 1 -й - 1998-2002г.г., 2-й- 2003-2007г.г., 3-й 2008-2012г.г. Увеличения онкогинекологической патологии у жительниц города не обнаружено, однако выявлен рост числа заболевших раком шейки матки, а также тенденция к сокращению пациенток в 3-4 стадией заболевания с 46,6+7,9% в 2003-2007г. до 39,9+2,7% в 2008-2012г.г. (р=0,08). Возрастная структура характеризуется увеличением доли пациенток в возрасте 30-39 лет с 15,8% в 1998-2002г.г. до 26,3% в 2008-2012г.г. и уменьшением доли пациенток 60-69 лет с 17,8% в 1998-2002г.г. до 10,4% в 2008-2012г.г. Выводы: снижение заболеваемости раком шейки матки может быть достигнуто путём вакцинация против вируса папилломы человека подростков и молодёжи и организация эффективного цитологического скрининга во всех возрастных группах, включая возраст старше 70 лет

The incidence of malignant skin neoplasms in the Sverdlovsk regoin, medical and social consequences of late diagnosis

The article presents the data about current condition and key trends ot the incidence rate for skin malignant neoplasms (melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer) among the population of the Sverdlovsk region and Ekaterinburg, conditions of organization of early detection and medical-social consequences of late diagnosis (condition of first determined disability from 2001 to 2010, one year mortality and mortality rate of skin malignant neoplasms for 2000 to 2009.В статье представлены и обсуждаются данные о современном состоянии и основных тенденциях заболеваемости злокачественными новообразованиями кожи (меланомой и раком кожи) населения Свердловской области и г.Екатеринбурга, состоянии организации раннего выявления больных и медико-социальных последствиях поздней диагностики (впервые признанной инвалидности за 2001-2010 гг., первогодичной летальности и смертности, обусловленной ЗНО кожи за 2000-2009 гг.)

Stress corrosion cracking in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloys in saline environments

Copyright 2013 ASM International. This paper was published in Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 44A(3), 1230 - 1253, and is made available as an electronic reprint with the permission of ASM International. One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic or multiple reproduction, distribution to multiple locations via electronic or other means, duplications of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modification of the content of this paper are prohibited.Stress corrosion cracking of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu (AA7xxx) aluminum alloys exposed to saline environments at temperatures ranging from 293 K to 353 K (20 °C to 80 °C) has been reviewed with particular attention to the influences of alloy composition and temper, and bulk and local environmental conditions. Stress corrosion crack (SCC) growth rates at room temperature for peak- and over-aged tempers in saline environments are minimized for Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys containing less than ~8 wt pct Zn when Zn/Mg ratios are ranging from 2 to 3, excess magnesium levels are less than 1 wt pct, and copper content is either less than ~0.2 wt pct or ranging from 1.3 to 2 wt pct. A minimum chloride ion concentration of ~0.01 M is required for crack growth rates to exceed those in distilled water, which insures that the local solution pH in crack-tip regions can be maintained at less than 4. Crack growth rates in saline solution without other additions gradually increase with bulk chloride ion concentrations up to around 0.6 M NaCl, whereas in solutions with sufficiently low dichromate (or chromate), inhibitor additions are insensitive to the bulk chloride concentration and are typically at least double those observed without the additions. DCB specimens, fatigue pre-cracked in air before immersion in a saline environment, show an initial period with no detectible crack growth, followed by crack growth at the distilled water rate, and then transition to a higher crack growth rate typical of region 2 crack growth in the saline environment. Time spent in each stage depends on the type of pre-crack (“pop-in” vs fatigue), applied stress intensity factor, alloy chemistry, bulk environment, and, if applied, the external polarization. Apparent activation energies (E a) for SCC growth in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys exposed to 0.6 M NaCl over the temperatures ranging from 293 K to 353 K (20 °C to 80 °C) for under-, peak-, and over-aged low-copper-containing alloys (~0.8 wt pct), they are typically ranging from 20 to 40 kJ/mol for under- and peak-aged alloys, and based on limited data, around 85 kJ/mol for over-aged tempers. This means that crack propagation in saline environments is most likely to occur by a hydrogen-related process for low-copper-containing Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys in under-, peak- and over-aged tempers, and for high-copper alloys in under- and peak-aged tempers. For over-aged high-copper-containing alloys, cracking is most probably under anodic dissolution control. Future stress corrosion studies should focus on understanding the factors that control crack initiation, and insuring that the next generation of higher performance Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys has similar longer crack initiation times and crack propagation rates to those of the incumbent alloys in an over-aged condition where crack rates are less than 1 mm/month at a high stress intensity factor

Метод неинвазивной оценки влияния биологически активных веществ на скорость восстановления уровня рН в мышце после предельной нагрузки с помощью 1Н МРС

Purpose of the study: To determine the possibility of a non-invasive evaluation of the biologically active substances (BAS) effect on the rate of a pH level restoration in a muscle after a maximum load using 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).Materials and methods. Creatine monohydrate and beta-alanine were taken as tested biologically active substances, used according to the manufacturer's recommendations. At the first stage, calibration curves of a pH dependence on the magnitude of chemical shifts were plotted during assigning 1H spectra of model carnosine dipeptide solutions for non-invasive determination of intramuscular pH. Further experiments were carried out on laboratory animals (mice) using a 9 T NMR spectrometer Bruker Advance III WB 400MHz WB (Bruker, Germany). In experiments on volunteers the functional test pwc170 was used for assessing the ergogenic effects of biologically active substances on rectus quadriceps femoris. The test allows to achieve the level of myocytes cytoplasm acidification with lactate, and the effectiveness of functional biologically active substances on endurance, and also the function of aerobic systems by the muscle pH rate of recovery. Detection was performed using a high-field magnetic resonance imaging scanner (Philips Healthcare, Achieva 3.0T, North Braband, The Netherlands) and two SENSE Flex-L surface ring radiofrequency coils.Results. The effect of oral intake of creatine and beta-alanine on the restoration of rectus quadriceps femoris muscle pH after an acidification of the myocytes cytoplasm with lactate was evaluated using the 1H MRS method. Reproducible results with optimal signal-to-noise ratios and width of carnosine spectral peaks were achieved in volunteers using individual protocols and 1H MRS at 3T in the quadriceps femoris. Animal experiments have highlighted the need to develop and use more accurate techniques for voxel extraction and fat suppression during in vivo 1H spectroscopy to reliably capture the chemical shifts of carnosine peaks.Conclusion. The data obtained using 1H MRS on volunteers allow us to conclude that the developed method makes it possible to non-invasively assess the effect of biologically active substances on the rate of restoration of pH level in a muscle after a critical load in real time in vivo.Цель исследования: с помощью протонной магнитно-резонансной спектроскопии (1Н МРС) определить возможность неинвазивной оценки влияния креатина и бета-аланина на скорость восстановления уровня рН в мышце после предельной нагрузки.Материал и методы. В качестве тестируемых биологически активных веществ (БАВ) были взяты креатина моногидрат и бета-аланин, применяемые согласно рекомендациям производителя. На первом этапе были построены калибровочные кривые зависимости рН от величины химического сдвига при снятии 1Н спектров модельных растворов дипептида карнозина для неинвазивного определения внутримышечного рН. Далее проводились эксперименты на лабораторных животных (мыши линии BALB/c) с использованием 9 Тл ЯМР спектрометра Bruker Advance III WB 400 МГц WB (Bruker, Germany). Следующим шагом стали эксперименты на добровольцах по отработке методики оценки эффектов БАВ на прямой четырехглавой мышце бедра. Использовался функциональный тест pwc170 в варианте степ-теста, позволяющий достичь закисления цитоплазмы миоцитов лактатом и оценить эффективность исследуемых БАВ на запас выносливости и функциональность аэробных систем по скорости восстановления уровня рН исследуемой мышцы. Дальнейшее сканирование осуществлялось с помощью высокопольного магнитно-резонансного томографа (Philips Healthcare, Achieva 3.0 Tл, North Braband, the Nederlands) и двух поверхностных кольцевидных радиочастотных катушек SENSE Flex-L.Результаты. Методом 1Н МРС было оценено влияние перорального приема креатина и бета-аланина на восстановление рН прямой четырехглавой мышцы бедра после закисления цитоплазмы миоцитов лактатом. Эксперименты с участием мелких лабораторных животных показали необходимость разработки и использования более точных методик выделения вокселя и подавления сигнала от жировой ткани при доклинической in vivo 1H спектроскопии для надежной фиксации химических сдвигов пиков карнозина. С помощью полученных для добровольцев протоколов удалось достичь воспроизводимости результатов, оптимальных соотношения сигнал/шум и ширины спектральных пиков карнозина с помощью 1H МРС при 3 Tл в прямой четырехглавой мышце бедра.Заключение. Полученные с помощью 1Н МРС данные на добровольцах позволяют сделать вывод, что разработанная методика дает возможность неинвазивной оценки влияния БАВ на скорость восстановления уровня рН в мышце после предельной нагрузки в режиме реального времени in vivo

Distribution and abundance of western gray whales during a seismic survey near Sakhalin Island, Russia

Exxon Neftegas Limited, operator of the Sakhalin-1 consortium, is developing oil and gas reserves on the continental shelf off northeast Sakhalin Island, Russia. DalMorNefteGeofizika (DMNG), on behalf of the Sakhalin-1 consortium, conducted a 3-D seismic survey of the Odoptu license area during 17 August-September 2001. A portion of the primary known feeding area of the endangered western gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) is located adjacent to the seismic block. The data presented here were collected as part of daily monitoring to determine if there was any measurable effect of the seismic survey on the distribution and abundance of western gray whales. Mitigation and monitoring program included aerial surveys conducted between 19 July and 19 November using the methodology outlined by the Southern California High Energy Seismic Survey team (HESS). These surveys provided documentation of the distribution, abundance and bottom feeding activity of western gray whales in relation to seismic survey sounds. From an operations perspective, the aerial surveys provided near real-time data on the location of whales in and outside the feeding area, and documented whether whales were displaced out of an area normally used as feeding habitat. The objectives of this study were to assess (a) temporal changes in the distribution and abundance of gray whales in relation to seismic survey, and (b) the influence of seismic survey, environmental factors, and other variables on the distribution and abundance of gray whales within their preferred feeding area adjacent to Piltun Bay. Multiple regression analysis revealed a limited redistribution of gray whales southward within the Piltun feeding area when the seismic survey was fully operational. A total of five environmental and other variables unrelated to seismic survey (date and proxies of depth, sea state and visibility) and one seismic survey-related variable (seg3d, i.e., received sound energy accumulated over 3 days) had statistically significant effects on the distribution and abundance of gray whales. The distribution of two to four gray whales observed on the surface (i.e., about five to ten whales in total) has likely been affected by the seismic survey. However, the total number of gray whales observed within the Piltun feeding area remained stable during the seismic survey