Physiology-Aware Rural Ambulance Routing

In emergency patient transport from rural medical facility to center tertiary hospital, real-time monitoring of the patient in the ambulance by a physician expert at the tertiary center is crucial. While telemetry healthcare services using mobile networks may enable remote real-time monitoring of transported patients, physiologic measures and tracking are at least as important and requires the existence of high-fidelity communication coverage. However, the wireless networks along the roads especially in rural areas can range from 4G to low-speed 2G, some parts with communication breakage. From a patient care perspective, transport during critical illness can make route selection patient state dependent. Prompt decisions with the relative advantage of a longer more secure bandwidth route versus a shorter, more rapid transport route but with less secure bandwidth must be made. The trade-off between route selection and the quality of wireless communication is an important optimization problem which unfortunately has remained unaddressed by prior work. In this paper, we propose a novel physiology-aware route scheduling approach for emergency ambulance transport of rural patients with acute, high risk diseases in need of continuous remote monitoring. We mathematically model the problem into an NP-hard graph theory problem, and approximate a solution based on a trade-off between communication coverage and shortest path. We profile communication along two major routes in a large rural hospital settings in Illinois, and use the traces to manifest the concept. Further, we design our algorithms and run preliminary experiments for scalability analysis. We believe that our scheduling techniques can become a compelling aid that enables an always-connected remote monitoring system in emergency patient transfer scenarios aimed to prevent morbidity and mortality with early diagnosis treatment.Comment: 6 pages, The Fifth IEEE International Conference on Healthcare Informatics (ICHI 2017), Park City, Utah, 201

Distributive Lattices, Polyhedra, and Generalized Flow

A D-polyhedron is a polyhedron $P$ such that if $x,y$ are in $P$ then so are their componentwise max and min. In other words, the point set of a D-polyhedron forms a distributive lattice with the dominance order. We provide a full characterization of the bounding hyperplanes of D-polyhedra. Aside from being a nice combination of geometric and order theoretic concepts, D-polyhedra are a unifying generalization of several distributive lattices which arise from graphs. In fact every D-polyhedron corresponds to a directed graph with arc-parameters, such that every point in the polyhedron corresponds to a vertex potential on the graph. Alternatively, an edge-based description of the point set can be given. The objects in this model are dual to generalized flows, i.e., dual to flows with gains and losses. These models can be specialized to yield some cases of distributive lattices that have been studied previously. Particular specializations are: lattices of flows of planar digraphs (Khuller, Naor and Klein), of $\alpha$-orientations of planar graphs (Felsner), of c-orientations (Propp) and of $\Delta$-bonds of digraphs (Felsner and Knauer). As an additional application we exhibit a distributive lattice structure on generalized flow of breakeven planar digraphs.Comment: 17 pages, 3 figure

Peningkatan Kemampuan Guru Mengevaluasi Metode Pembelajaran Pada Tahapan Perancangan Dan Implementasi Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris

Any language teaching method is developed with certain philosophical assumptions on the nature of both language and language learning. These assumptions are reflected in the other two aspects of a method, namely design and technique. Therefore, once these assumptions are clearly understood, the other two aspects will be understood more easily. The understanding of the nature of both language and language learning is changing from time to time in line with the development of researches in language and language learning. Consequently, the language teaching methods are also changing from time to time following the developing understanding of language and language learning. Encountering such a situation, an English teacher should be able to evaluate the strength and weakness of any new method, to decide which method is the most suitable and effective to teach what aspect of the language. Since a language teaching method is developed mainly based on the nature of language, and language learning, the teacher should do the evaluation of the method based on this philosophical assumption in order to obtain accurate judgment on it, and also in order to understand it thoroughly and by so doing they can implement it properly. The mastery of the philosophical assumptions of a new method is a key factor in evaluating, understanding as well as applying it properly. On the other hand, the assumption is continuously changing due to the continuous researches conducted in these fields. In order to keep competent in evaluating a language teaching method, an English teacher should keep up with the continuous development in the two field researches

Bahasa, Etnisitas Dan Potensinya Terhadap Konflik Etnis

Etnis merupakan katgori sosial atau identifikasi sosial. Artinya, etnis adalah konsep yang diciptakan berdasarkan ciri khas sosial yang dimiliki sekelompok masyarakat yang membedakannya dari kelompok yang lain. Etnisitas adalah properti hubungan antar kelompok di mana perbedaan budaya antar kelompok dikomunikasikan secara sistematis dan berlangsung secara terus menerus. Hubungan ini bersifat relational dan situasional di mana karakter etnis terlibat di dalamnya. Perbedaan antar etnis bisa jadi menimbulkan perilaku etnosentris (keberpihakan terhadap anggota etnis yang berlebihan), perilaku prejudice (berburuk sangka) dan perilaku negatif lainnya yang diwujudkan dalam tindakan terlihat, seperti tindak diskriminatif dan tindakan terdengar yang wujud dalam penggunaan bahasa. Kedua jenis tindakan ini dan tindakan negatif lainnya menumbuhkan potensi konflik antar etnis. Tindak terlihat maupun tindak terdengar adalah cerminan atau perwujudan dari nilai, sikap dan pandangan yang dimiliki suatu etnis dalam konteks etnisitas. Oleh karena itu peningkatan dan pembinaan penggunaan bahasa sebagai alat komunikasi dalam konteks etnisitas tanpa pembinaan nilai, sikap dan pandangan besar kemungkinannya untuk gagal dalam upaya mencegah potensi konflik menjadi konflik sesungguhnya

Upaya Meminimalkan Kesalahan Perilaku Instruksional Guru Dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris

Teacher's teaching behavior taking place during the real classroom teaching is determined by many interactive factors grouped into four categories, namely (1) linguistic knowledge about the nature of (a) language, (b) each language skills, and (b) each language aspect, (2) language teaching methods covering (a) their approaches, (b) procedures, (c) various techniques of them, (d) theories of language learning, and (e) knowledge of students' characteristics and (3) the teacher's reflection and meaning they made out of their teaching experiences. Lack of these knowledges may produce incorrect teaching behaviors which consequently cause low quality of students' mastery of English. So the attempts to improve the students' quality of English mastery should be begun by minimizing the incorrect teaching behaviors of English teachers and the incorrectness should be began by improving the teachers' mastery of the three aspects

Pengambilan Keputusan Kognitif Dan Dampaknya Terhadap Kualitas Terjemahan: Inggris - Indonesia

Pengambilan keputusan kognitif adalah proses mental yang terjadi pada diri penerjemah pada saat berupaya memahami teks (text comprehending) bahasa sumber dan pada saat memproduksi teks bahasa sasaran (text producing). Dalam pelaksanaan kedua proses ini terjadi berbagai keputusan kognitif, antara lain keputusan ideologi penerjemah, yakni keputusan memilih forenisasi atau domestikasi. Penetapan pilihan aspek linguistik, budaya dan sosial baik yang terjadi pada saat proses pemahaman maupun pemroduksian teks merupakan contoh lain dari pengambilan keputusan. Akurasi keputusan ditentukan oleh kualitas pengetahuan liguistik, budaya, dan sosial dari bahasa sumber dan sasaran serta tingkat penguasaan substansi terjemahan dan sikap ideologis penerjemah. Sedangkan kualitas terjemahan baik dalam artian keakuratan, keberterimaan dan keterbacaan ditentukan oleh tingkat keakurasian pengambilan keputusan. Oleh karena itu, untuk menigkatkan kualitas terjemahan, penguasaan aspek liguistik, budaya, dan sosial dari bahasa sumber dan sasaran serta tingkat penguasaan substansi terjemahan dan sikap ideologis penerjemah harus terlebih dahulu diperbaiki

The Effect of Applying Predict, Organize, Rehearse, Practice, Evaluate (PORPE) Strategy on Students' Reading Comprehension

This study was conducted as an attempt to find out the effect of applying Predict, Organize, Rehearse, Practice, Evaluate (PORPE) strategy on students' reading comprehension. This study used experimental design. The population of this study was students of Grade XI, Senior High School (Sekolah Menengah Atas: SMA) Negeri 1 Lumbanjulu which consisted of 120 students. There were sixty students from the population taken as the sample in this study. The sample was divided into two randomized groups: experimental and control groups. The experimental group was taught by using PORPE strategy, while the control group was taught by using conventional method.To obtain the reliability of the test, the writer applied Kuder Richardson 21 formula (KR-21). The result of the reliability was 0.81. The data were analyzed by using t-test formula. The analysis showed that the scores of the students in the experimental group were significantly higher than the scores of the students in the control group at the level of significance 0.05 with the degree of freedom (df) 58 , t-observed value 2.8 > t-table value 2.00. The findings indicated that using PORPE strategy significantly affected the students' reading comprehension. Therefore, the null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted

Pengembangan Sensitifitas Dan Kreatifitas Guru Bahasa Inggris Dalam Penerapan Metode Pembelajaran: Analisis Metode Pengajaran Bahasa Inggris Berbasis Tugas

Sensitivity refers to the teacher's ability to find out instantly if learning has happened or not during the process of teaching and learning a second language while creativity to the ability to create improving teaching behaviors to overcome the learning failure happening during the teaching and learning activities. These competencies are very important and considered a key factor of effective teaching. Therefore they badly need to be developed. To develop these competencies, many related teaching variables must be mastered and one of these variables is language teaching method. For the purpose of sensitivity and creativity development, a language teaching method should be correctly studied by studying its linguistic assumption and its learning principle thoroughly rather than by simply memorizing the methodological procedures proposed by a method and putting them into action as exactly as prescribed. The latter is very far from sufficient. In studying the task-based language teaching for the same purpose, the concept of task and its underlying learning principle-which is the same as that underlying the learning of first language-should be comprehensively mastered. The mastery of a language teaching method in a correct way tends to be more contributive to the development of creativity in the method application rather than to the development of sensitivity

Dispersive diffusion controlled distance dependent recombination in amorphous semiconductors

The photoluminescence in amorphous semiconductors decays according to power law $t^{-delta}$ at long times. The photoluminescence is controlled by dispersive transport of electrons. The latter is usually characterized by the power $alpha$ of the transient current observed in the time-of-flight experiments. Geminate recombination occurs by radiative tunneling which has a distance dependence. In this paper, we formulate ways to calculate reaction rates and survival probabilities in the case carriers execute dispersive diffusion with long-range reactivity. The method is applied to obtain tunneling recombination rates under dispersive diffusion. The theoretical condition of observing the relation $delta = alpha/2 + 1$ is obtained and theoretical recombination rates are compared to the kinetics of observed photoluminescence decay in the whole time range measured.Comment: To appear in Journal of Chemical Physic