Measuring Workload Differences Between Short-term Memory and Long-term Memory Scenarios in a Simulated Flight Environment

Four highly experienced Air Force pilots each flew four simulated flight scenarios. Two scenarios required a great deal of aircraft maneuvering. The other two scenarios involved less maneuvering, but required remembering a number of items. All scenarios were designed to be equaly challenging. Pilot's Subjective Ratings for Activity-level, Complexity, Difficulty, Stress, and Workload were higher for the manuevering scenarios than the memory scenarios. At a moderate workload level, keeping the pilots active resulted in better aircraft control. When required to monitor and remember items, aircraft control tended to decrease. Pilots tended to weigh information about the spatial positioning and performance of their aircraft more heavily than other items

Multicanonical Study of the 3D Ising Spin Glass

We simulated the Edwards-Anderson Ising spin glass model in three dimensions via the recently proposed multicanonical ensemble. Physical quantities such as energy density, specific heat and entropy are evaluated at all temperatures. We studied their finite size scaling, as well as the zero temperature limit to explore the ground state properties.Comment: FSU-SCRI-92-121; 7 pages; sorry, no figures include

Form-factors of exponential fields in the sine-Gordon model

An integral representation for form-factors of exponential fields in the sine-Gordon model is proposed.Comment: 8 pages, harvmac.tex, added the formula (25) for two soliton form-factors at the reflectionless point

Coarse-grained strain dynamics and backwards/forwards dispersion

A Particle Tracking Velocimetry experiment has been performed in a turbulent flow at intermediate Reynolds number. We present experimentally obtained stretching rates for particle pairs in the inertial range. When compensated by a characteristic time scale for coarse-grained strain we observe constant stretching. This indicates that the process of material line stretching taking place in the viscous subrange has its counterpart in the inertial subrange. We investigate both forwards and backwards dispersion. We find a faster backwards stretching and relate it to the problem of relative dispersion and its time asymmetry.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figue

The impact of physical and mental tasks on pilot mental workoad

Seven instrument-rated pilots with a wide range of backgrounds and experience levels flew four different scenarios on a fixed-base simulator. The Baseline scenario was the simplest of the four and had few mental and physical tasks. An activity scenario had many physical but few mental tasks. The Planning scenario had few physical and many mental taks. A Combined scenario had high mental and physical task loads. The magnitude of each pilot's altitude and airspeed deviations was measured, subjective workload ratings were recorded, and the degree of pilot compliance with assigned memory/planning tasks was noted. Mental and physical performance was a strong function of the manual activity level, but not influenced by the mental task load. High manual task loads resulted in a large percentage of mental errors even under low mental task loads. Although all the pilots gave similar subjective ratings when the manual task load was high, subjective ratings showed greater individual differences with high mental task loads. Altitude or airspeed deviations and subjective ratings were most correlated when the total task load was very high. Although airspeed deviations, altitude deviations, and subjective workload ratings were similar for both low experience and high experience pilots, at very high total task loads, mental performance was much lower for the low experience pilots

Effect of time span and task load on pilot mental workload

Two sets of experiments were run to examine how the mental workload of a pilot might be measured. The effects of continuous manual control activity versus discrete assigned mental tasks (including the length of time between receiving an assignment and executing it) were examined. The first experiment evaluated the strengths and weaknesses of measuring mental workload with an objective perforamance (altitude deviations) and five subjective ratings (activity level, complexity, difficulty, stress, and workload). The second set of experiments built upon the first set by increasing workload intensities and adding another performance measure: airspeed deviation. The results are discussed for both low and high experience pilots