NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans – anteaters, sloths, and armadillos – have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with 24 domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, ten anteaters, and six sloths. Our dataset includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data-paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the south of the USA, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to its austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n=5,941), and Cyclopes sp. has the fewest (n=240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n=11,588), and the least recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n=33). With regards to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n=962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n=12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other datasets of Neotropical Series which will become available very soon (i.e. Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans dataset

Adubação do algodão colorido BRS 200 em sistema orgânico no Seridó Paraibano Fertilization of colored cotton BRS 200 under organic system in Serido, in the State of Paraiba, Brazil

É grande a potencialidade do algodão colorido para ser cultivado organicamente na região semi-árida, onde as condições edafoclimáticas possibilitam o cultivo sem defensivos agrícolas. Os adubos orgânicos têm sido utilizados para melhorar as propriedades físico-químicas do solo, o estabelecimento de microrganismos benéficos e o aumento da matéria orgânica, além de ser fonte de nutrientes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar níveis e forma de aplicação do esterco bovino em algodoeiro colorido BRS 200-marrom, cultivado sob manejo orgânico nas condições edafoclimáticas do Seridó Paraibano. O experimento foi conduzido em blocos ao acaso, com nove tratamentos e quatro repetições, nos anos 2000, 2001 e 2002. Os tratamentos se originaram de um fatorial (4 x 2+1), cujos fatores foram quatro níveis de esterco bovino curtido (10, 20, 30 e 40 t ha-1) em dois locais de aplicação (abaixo e ao lado das sementes), adicionado de uma testemunha absoluta sem adubação orgânica. A presença do esterco bovino incrementou a produtividade do algodão. Quando ocorreu regularidade climática, a aplicação ao lado das sementes foi mais eficiente, alcançando-se o máximo rendimento com 30 t ha-1. A uniformidade do comprimento da fibra decresceu e o índice de fibras curtas aumentou com o incremento dos níveis de adubo.<br>The naturally colored cotton has potentiality for growth in Northeast Semi-arid, where the edaphoclimatic conditions permit the cultivation without agrochemicals. Organic fertilizers have been used to improve physico-chemical properties of the soil, establishment of beneficial microorganisms, increase of the organic matter and nutrients. The objective of this work was to determine levels and forms of application of cattle manure in colored cotton BRS 200, cultivated under organic management in Seridó, in the State of Paraiba. The experiment was conducted in randomized blocks, with nine treatments and four replications, during 2000, 2001 and 2002. The treatments were originated from a factorial 4x2+1, consisting of four levels of decomposed cattle manure (10, 20, 30 and 40 t ha-1) and two sites of application (below and by the side of seeds), plus an absolute control without organic manure. Organic fertilization increased the cotton yield. Under regular climatic conditions, the sidewise application was more efficient, reaching the maximum yield with 30 t ha-1. The uniformity of fiber length decreased and the index of short fibers increased with the increment of the levels of organic manure