8 research outputs found
Biochemical changes in Oenothera biennis plants infected by 'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani'
The aim of the present paper was to study the response of Oenothera biennis L. to 'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani' (Stolbur) infection by analyzing total sugars, polyphenols, photosynthetic pigments content and the antioxidant capacity in leaves and roots of healthy and infected plants. The infection caused a significant increase in peroxidation of lipids, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity, total sugar, polyphenols and anthocyanins content (2.8, 2.6, 1.8, 1.4, 6.8 fold, respectively), as well as a decrease in photosynthetic pigments (2-6 fold) and total flavonoids (1.5 fold) in the leaves of Oe. biennis. Changes in these parameters were insignificant in the roots except for the total polyphenols content that was 2.7 times higher in the infected ones. Reduced gluthatione content in both tested organs was not affected by the infection (3.7 and 1.7 mu mol/g fresh weight of leaves and roots, respectively). The elevated content of total sugars, flavonoids and polyphenols, as well as the reduction of photosynthetic pigments and anthocyanins in infected plants are indicative of changes in the metabolism of Oe. biennis affected by the Stolbur phytoplasma. In addition to reduction of chlorophyll and carotenoids, the phytoplasma accelerated leaf senescence. Plants responded to the infection via enhanced superoxide anion scavenging, even though this reaction did not prevent, apparently, membrane damage in analysed leaves. This investigation presents new data on the effect of a phytoplasma infection on its host
Discovery of Genes Related to Witches Broom Disease in Paulownia tomentosa Ă— Paulownia fortunei by a De Novo Assembled Transcriptome
Phytoplasmas: An Introduction
Phytoplasmas are among the most recently discovered plant pathogens. They are wall-less prokaryotes
restricted to phloem tissue, associated with diseases affecting several hundred plant species. The impact of
phytoplasma diseases on agriculture is impressive and, at the present day, no effective curative strategy has
been developed. The availability of rapid and sensitive techniques for phytoplasma detection as well as the
possibility to study their relationship with the host plants is a prerequisite for the management of
phytoplasma-associated diseases
Effect of phytoplasma infection on metabolite content and antioxidant enzyme activity in lime (Citrus aurantifolia)
Helpful approaches to older people experiencing mental health problems: a critical review of models of mental health care
The Family Acholeplasmataceae (Including Phytoplasmas)The Prokaryotes
The family Acholeplasmataceae was originally established to
accommodate the genus Acholeplasma, comprising the mollicutes that
could be cultivated without the supplement of cholesterol and that
use UGA as a stop codon instead of coding for tryptophan. It was
later shown that the phytoplasmas, a large group of uncultivable,
wall-less, non-helical mollicutes that are associated with plants and
insects, shared taxonomically relevant properties with members of the
genus Acholeplasma. Being not cultivable in vitro in axenic culture, the
phytoplasmas could not be classified using the standards used for other
mollicutes and are named using the category of Candidatus, as “Ca.
Phytoplasma.”
Although phytoplasmas are associated with habitats and ecology
different from acholeplasmas, the two genera Acholeplasma and
“Candidatus Phytoplasma” are phylogenetically related and form a
distinct clade within the Mollicutes. The persisting inability to grow
the phytoplasmas in vitro hinders the identification of their distinctive
phenotypic traits, important criteria for mollicute classification. Until
supplemental phenotypic traits become available, the genus “Candidatus
Phytoplasma” is designated, on the basis of phylogeny, as a tentative
member in the family Acholeplasmataceae. Phylogenetic analysis based
on gene sequences, in particular, ribosomal sequences, has provided
the major supporting evidence for the composition and taxonomic
subdivision of this group of organisms with diverse habitats and ecology
and has become the mainstream for the Acholeplasmataceae systematics.
However, without the ability to determine phenotypic properties, the
circumscription of related species among the non culturable members of
the family remains a major issue.
The genus Acholeplasma comprises 14 species predominantly associated
with animals and isolated from mammalian fluids but regarded as not
normally pathogenic. Conversely, the genus “Ca. Phytoplasma” includes
plant pathogens of major economic relevance worldwide. To date, 36
“Ca. Phytoplasma species” have been described