Effect of acaricides on Calepitrimerus vitis (Napela, 1905) (Acari: Eriophyidae) and on the production os vineyards.

The southernmost region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, has emerged as one of the major poles for fine grape production (Vitis vinifera) for wine processing. In this region, grapevine rust mite (Calepitrimerus vitis) is one of the major pests for the culture; however, information is lacking about production losses caused by this species and acaricides for its control. In this paper, the acaricide effect of azadarachtin, boron + nitrogen on orange peel oil, sulfur and spirodiclofen on C. vitis on Merlot cultivar commercial grapevine was evaluated and production losses caused by the presence of the mite were estimated. The experiment was conducted during the 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 growing seasons, comparing the infestation levels of C. vitis and phytoseiid mites on plants treated with acaricides by the use of sticky traps. The acaricides evaluated caused a significant drop in the population of C. vitis, and spirodiclofen was the most effective, followed by sulfur, while boron + nitrogen and azadarachtin were the less effective. The products evaluated did not affect the phytoseiid population present in the experimental area. The grape production in parcels treated with spirodiclofen was significantly greater (7.430 ± 871kg.ha-1) than in the uncontrolled parcel (6.074 ± 316kg.ha-1). Significant differences in the total sourness, pH, sugar percentage, and total sugar content of grapes between treated parcels and control were not observed. The control of C. vitis with spirodiclofen and sulfur is effective to reduce losses on yield and will not affect the population of Phytoseiids. The control of C. vitis should be carried out at the beginning of infestation with rotation of active ingredients. Termos para indexação: Chemical Control, Acaricides, Vitis vinifera, Grapevine Rust Mite. EFEITO DE ACARICIDAS SOBRE Calepitrimerus vitis (NALEPA, 1905) (ACARI: ERIOPHYIDAE) E NA PRODUÇÃO DE VIDEIRA A região da Campanha, no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, tem emergido como um dos principais polos de produção de uvas finas (Vitis vinifera) para processamento. Na região, o ácaro-da-ferrugemda-videira Calepitrimerus vitis é uma das principais pragas da cultura, porém faltam informações sobre perdas na produção causadas pela espécie e de acaricidas para seu controle. Neste trabalho, foi avaliado o efeito acaricida da azadiractina, de boro + nitrogênio veiculados em óleo de casca de laranja, de enxofre e de espirodiclofeno sobre C. vitis em vinhedo comercial da cultivar Merlot, estimando-se as perdas na produção causadas pela presença do ácaro. O experimento foi conduzido durante os anos agrícolas de 2012/2013 e 2013/2014, comparando-se o nível de infestação de C. vitis e ácaros fitoseídeos nas plantas tratadas com os acaricidas, utilizando-se de armadilhas adesivas. Os acaricidas avaliados promoveram uma redução significativa na população de C. vitis, sendo que o espirodiclofeno foi o mais eficaz, seguido por enxofre, enquanto o boro + nitrogênio e a azadiractina foram pouco eficazes. Os produtos avaliados não afetaram a população de fitoseídeos presentes na área experimental. A produção de uvas nas parcelas tratadas com espirodiclofeno foi significativamente maior (7.430 ± 871kg.ha-1) que na testemunha sem controle (6.074 ± 316 kg.ha-1). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas na acidez total, pH, percentual de açúcar e açúcar total da uva entre as parcelas tratadas e a testemunha. O controle de C. vitis com espirodiclofeno e enxofre é eficaz para reduzir perdas de produção e não prejudica a população de fitoseídeos. As pulverizações para controle de C. vitis devem ser realizadas no início da infestação e com alternância de acaricidas. Termos para indexação: Controle Químico, Acaricidas, Vitis vinifera, Ácaro-da-ferrugem-da-videir

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Effect of acaricides on Calepitrimerus vitis (Napela, 1905) (Acari: Eriophyidae) and on the production os vineyards.

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